Engineering Cu-based Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction: from Catalyst Design to Practical Applications

Jianzhao Peng; Lidan Sun; Yongliang Li; Qianling Zhang; Xiangzhong Ren; Xifei Li; Jiujun Zhang; Xueliang Sun; Zhongxin Song; Lei Zhang

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00248-x

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1) :16 DOI: 10.1007/s41918-025-00248-x

Review Article

review-article

Engineering Cu-based Catalysts for CO₂ Electroreduction: from Catalyst Design to Practical Applications

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¹College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

²Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Shaanxi, China

³, Institute for New Energy Materials and Engineering/College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China

⁴Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B9, London, ON, Canada

⁵Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Zhejiang, China

^a zxsong@szu.edu.cn

^b lei.zhang@szu.edu.cn

Jianzhao Peng

Jianzhao Peng received his Ph.D. degree in Organic Chemistry (2021) from The University of Hong Kong with Prof. Xiaoyu Li. From 2021 to 2023, he worked as a Postdoc at the department of Chemistry in Southern University of Science and Technology. He is currently an associate researcher with Prof. Lei Zhang at Shenzhen University. His research interests include the design and synthesis of heterogeneous molecular catalysts and atomically dispersed catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction and organic electrochemical synthesis.

Lidan Sun

Lidan Sun pursued her Master's degree at the College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University from 2021 to 2024 under the supervision of Prof. Lei Zhang. During her master's research, her research focused on the application of PdCu catalytic materials in the field of CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction.

Yongliang Li

Yongliang Li received the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Materials Engineering at the University of Western Ontario, Canada in 2013. He is currently an associate professor at Shenzhen University, China. His research interests focus on synthesis, characterization and application of nanomaterials for clean energy techniques, such as Li-ion batteries and Li-air batteries. He is an author and co-author of 60 papers in refereed journals

Qianling Zhang

Qianling Zhang is a Professor at Shenzhen University, China. She received an M.S. degree from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ph.D. from Sun Yat-sen University. Her research mainly focuses on design and synthesis of ruthenium complexes for bioimaging and cancer phototherapy.

Xiangzhong Ren

Xiangzhong Ren received a master degree from the National University of Defense Technology, China in 1998, received a Ph.D. degree from Sichuan University, China in 2007. He was appointed as a full professor at Shenzhen University, China in 2009. His research interests include the cathode and anode materials of lithium-ion batteries, nanocatalysts of lithium-air batteries, nanocomposites, and their related properties.

Xifei Li

Xifei Li is currently a professor at Xi’an University of Technology. He was awarded as 2018–2021 Highly Cited Researchers of Clarivate Analytics. He is a vicepresident of the International Academy of Electrochemical Energy Science and a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr. Li’s research group is currently working on optimized interfaces of the anodes and the cathodes with various structures for high performance rechargeable batteries. Dr. Li has authored/coauthored 330 peer-reviewed articles with more than 27 000 citations with an H index of 89.

Jiujun Zhang

Jiujun Zhang is currently a professor at Fuzhou University. Dr. Zhang obtained his Ph.D degree in Electrochemistry from Wuhan University in 1988 and has over 30 years of research experience. He has published over 750 journal papers and 28 books on electrochemical energy storage and conversion. His research interests span across materials science, electrochemistry, electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, batteries, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, etc.

Xueliang Sun

Xueliang Sun is a Foreign Fellow of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and Chair Professor of the Institute of Materials and Energy at the Eastern Institute of Technology (tentative name), Ningbo, China. He served as Distinguished Professor at the University of Western Ontario and Chief Scientist in the Field of Nanoenergy Materialse, Canada. Dr. Sun received his Ph.D. degree in materials chemistry in 1999 from the University of Manchester, UK, following which he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and as a Research Associate at L’Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada. His current research interests are focused on advanced materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

Zhongxin Song

Zhongxin Song is an assistant professor at Shenzhen University, China. Dr. Song received her Ph.D. degree in Mechanical & Materials Engineering in 2018 from the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Her current research interests focus on design and synthesis of noble metal and nonnoble metal-based nanomaterials for electrocatalysis and fuel cells application.

Lei Zhang

Lei Zhang received his Ph.D. degree at Xiamen University. He was a visiting graduate student at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Prof. Younan Xia's group from 2012 to 2014. From 2015 to 2016, he worked as a Postdoc at the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering at Tianjin University. He was a postdoctoral associate with Prof. Xueliang Sun at Western University from 2017 to 2021. Dr. Zhang is a Professor at Shenzhen University. His research interests include the design and synthesis of metal nanomaterials and single atom catalysts for fuel cells.

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Abstract

In the context of the global greenhouse effect and energy scarcity, it is of great significance to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) into value-added fuels and chemicals through renewable electricity. Cu-based catalysts have been challenging for producing C₁ and C₂₊ high-value chemicals in electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). Plenty of research groups have engaged in the development of Cu-based catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in engineering Cu-based catalysts for CO₂RR, with a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism, catalyst design, and product selectivity. Besides, the strategies aiming at improving the stability of Cu-based catalysts and advancements in CO₂RR electrolyzers are addressed. Finally, the future important research directions of Cu-based catalysts in practical CO₂RR are prospected.

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Keywords

CO₂RR / Cu-based catalysts / Catalyst design / CO₂RR electrolyzers

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Jianzhao Peng, Lidan Sun, Yongliang Li, Qianling Zhang, Xiangzhong Ren, Xifei Li, Jiujun Zhang, Xueliang Sun, Zhongxin Song, Lei Zhang. Engineering Cu-based Catalysts for CO₂ Electroreduction: from Catalyst Design to Practical Applications. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(1): 16 DOI:10.1007/s41918-025-00248-x

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