Nanoporous Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass Precursors: Sustainable Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage

Abstract

Biomass, which is derived from abundant renewable resources, is a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-based carbon materials for building a green and sustainable society. Biomass-based carbon materials (BCMs) with tailored hierarchical pore structures, large specific surface areas, and various surface functional groups have been extensively studied as energy and catalysis-related materials. This review provides insights from the perspectives of intrinsic physicochemical properties and structure-property relationships for discussing several fundamental yet significant issues in BCMs and their consequences. First, the synthesis, properties, and influencing factors of BCMs are discussed. Then, the causes and effects of the poor mechanical properties of biochar are explored. The factors affecting the properties of BCMs are presented, and the approaches for tuning these properties of biochar are summarized. Further, the applications of BCMs in energy storage and conversion are highlighted, including hydrogen storage and production, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hybrid electrodes, catalytic reforming, oxygen and CO₂ reduction, and acetylene hydrochlorination. Finally, the future trends and prospects for biochar are proposed. This review aims to serve as a useful, up-to-date reference for future studies on BCMs for energy and catalytic applications.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Nanoporous carbon materials / Biomass-based sustainable materials / Energy storage / Energy conversion

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Funding

Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province(2023YFG0222)

“Tianfu Emei” Science and Technology Innovation Leader Program in Sichuan Province(2021)

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Talent Start-up Funds(A1098 5310 2360 1208)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(21472235)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Shanghai University and Periodicals Agency of Shanghai University