Designing Organic Material Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

Qiyu Wang; Thomas O’Carroll; Fengchun Shi; Yafei Huang; Guorong Chen; Xiaoxuan Yang; Alena Nevar; Natallia Dudko; Nikolai Tarasenko; Jingying Xie; Liyi Shi; Gang Wu; Dengsong Zhang

doi:10.1007/s41918-024-00218-9

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2024, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1) DOI: 10.1007/s41918-024-00218-9

Review Article

Designing Organic Material Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

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¹Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China

²State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, 200245, Shanghai, China

³Department of Chemical and Biological, Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA

⁴B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Belarus

⁵Head of the Inter-University R&D Marketing Centre Science and Technology Park of BNTU, 220013, Minsk, Belarus

⁶Shanghai University (Zhejiang · Jiaxing) Emerging Industries Institute, 314006, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

^e chengr@shu.edu.cn

ⁿ gangwu@buffalo.edu

^p dszhang@shu.edu.cn

Qiyu Wang

received his Master’s degree from shanghai university, and he is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai Space Power Research Institute. His research focuses on the nanomaterials and devices for energy storage.

Thomas O’Carroll

is a Ph.D. student in Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Buffalo. His major research interests are advanced energy materials for fuel cells and batteries.

Fengchun Shi

is studying at the School of Science, Shanghai University for Master’s degree. After she entered the Shanghai University in 2021, her research focuses on the structural design and performance of low-cost silicon-based electrodes.

Yafei Huang

is studying at the School of Science, Shanghai University for Master’s degree under the supervision of Guorong Chen. She obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Wenzhou University in 2021. Her current research focuses on the efficient regulation of lithium dendrites in metal lithium batteries.

Guorong Chen

is an Associate Researcher at the Nanoscience and Technology Research Center of the School of Science, Shanghai University. Her interests are advanced energy materials for secondary batteries.

Xiaoxuan Yang

was a visiting Ph.D. student at the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY). She obtained her Ph.D. degree at Northeast Normal University in 2021. Currently, she is a postdoc at Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research interests mainly focus on designing, synthesizing, and characterizing functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

Dr. Alena A. Nevar

is Leading Researcher at Plasma Physics Center, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Her interests focus on laser and plasma assisted fabrication of nanostructures, laser ablation, electrical discharge in liquid, laser induced modification of nanoparticles, electrical discharge treatment, laser spectroscopy of plasma, etc.

Dr. Natallia Dudko

is Head of the Department of International Science and Technical Cooperation at Science and Technology Park of the Belarusian National Technical University (Polytechnic). She organizes a technology transfer system for higher education institutions and scientific organizations, and commercializes the results of their scientific and technological activities.

Nikolai V. Tarasenko

is Head of Center “Plasma Physics”, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. He is a member of Belarusian Physical Society and Scientific Council on Plasma Physics. His research interests focus on plasma and laser assisted fabrication of Nanostructures, laser ablation processes, laser spectroscopy of plasmas, atmospheric-pressure plasmas, laser induced nanoscale engineering and nanofabrication.

Jingying Xie

obtained Ph.D. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology. She currently serves as the Chief Researcher and Deputy Chief Engineer of Shanghai Space Power Research Institute. She has led over 30 national and provincial-level projects and won 6 provincial-level science and technology awards. Her interests focus on advanced energy storage materials and devices.

Liyi Shi

is Department Leader in the Research Center of Nano Science and Technology at Shanghai University. His research interest includes the preparation, application, and industrialization of nanomaterials. His publications are more than 600, patents are more than 300 and H index is 89.

Gang Wu

is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University at Buffalo (UB), SUNY. He obtained his B.S. degree in 1997 and Ph.D. degree in 2004 at the Harbin Institute of Technology. After postdoctoral training at Tsinghua University, the University of South Carolina, and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), he became a staff scientist at LANL in 2010. He joined UB in 2014 as an assistant professor and was promoted to a tenured associate professor in 2018 and a full professor in 2020. His research interests are electrochemical energy science and technology, emphasizing advanced electrocatalysis for fuel cells, water electrolyzers, CO₂ reduction, and chemical electrosynthesis. He has been a Highly Cited Researcher ranked by Thomson Reuters, Clarivate Analytics since 2018.

Dengsong Zhang

is second level Professor (Researcher) at Shanghai University, he is Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in the UK. His interests are energy and environmental chemistry.

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Abstract

Organic material electrodes are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their environmentally friendliness, low price, structure diversity, and flexible molecular structure design. However, limited reversible capacity, high solubility in the liquid organic electrolyte, low intrinsic ionic/electronic conductivity, and low output voltage are the main problems they face. A lot of research work has been carried out to explore comprehensive solutions to the above problems through molecular structure design, the introduction of specific functional groups and specific molecular frameworks, from small molecules to polymer molecules, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and heterocyclic molecules; from simple organic materials to organic composites; from single functional groups to multi-functional groups; etc. The inevitable relationship between various molecular structure design and enhanced electrochemical properties has been illustrated in detail. This work also specifically discusses several approaches for the current application of organic compounds in batteries, including interfacial protective layer of inorganic metal oxide cathode, anode (metal lithium or silicon) and solid-state electrolyte, and host materials of sulfur cathode and redox media in lithium-sulfur batteries. This overview provides insight into a deep understanding of the molecular structure of organic electrode materials (OEMs) and electrochemical properties, broadens people’s research ideas, and inspires researchers to explore the advanced application of electroactive organic compounds in rechargeable batteries.

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Qiyu Wang, Thomas O’Carroll, Fengchun Shi, Yafei Huang, Guorong Chen, Xiaoxuan Yang, Alena Nevar, Natallia Dudko, Nikolai Tarasenko, Jingying Xie, Liyi Shi, Gang Wu, Dengsong Zhang. Designing Organic Material Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2024, 7(1): DOI:10.1007/s41918-024-00218-9