Progress in 3D-MXene Electrodes for Lithium/Sodium/Potassium/Magnesium/Zinc/Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Tariq Bashir; Shaowen Zhou; Shiqi Yang; Sara Adeeba Ismail; Tariq Ali; Hao Wang; Jianqing Zhao; Lijun Gao

doi:10.1007/s41918-022-00174-2

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2023, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1) DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00174-2

Review Article

Progress in 3D-MXene Electrodes for Lithium/Sodium/Potassium/Magnesium/Zinc/Aluminum-Ion Batteries

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¹College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

²Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

^f wanghao91@nju.edu.cn

^g jqzhao@suda.edu.cn

^h gaolijun@suda.edu.cn

Tariq Bashir

received his Ph.D. degree under the supervision of Prof. Lijun Gao at College of Energy, Soochow University, China, sponsored by fully funded Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). His research interests lie in the design and synthesis of MXene based nanomaterials, and investigation of their fundamental properties and potential applications in advance energy storage systems (batteries).

Shaowen Zhou

is a graduate student majoring in new energy science and engineering at Soochow University. Her main research interest is in transition metal compound materials for Li-ion hybrid capacitors.

Shiqi Yang

received his bachelor’s degree at the College of Energy, Soochow University. He is currently a graduate student under the guidance of Professor Jianqing Zhao of Soochow University. His research interests lie in the positive and negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries.

Sara Adeeba Ismail

is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree from the College of Energy, Soochow University, China. Her research focuses on the fabrication and design of electrolyte, as well as their fundamental characteristics and prospective applications in fuel cell.

Tariq Ali

received his Ph.D. degree in “New Energy Science and Engineering” from Soochow University, China, under fully funded scholarship by Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). His research interests lie in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials, and investigation of their fundamental properties and potential applications in electrocatalysis.

Hao Wang

obtained his Ph.D. degree from Soochow University under the supervision of Prof. Lijun Gao in 2018. He worked as joint-researcher in Drexel University under the guidance of Prof. Yury Gogotsi during 2017–2018. He then served as research fellow at Nanyang Technological University under the guidance of Prof. Jong-Min Lee during 2019–2020. Currently, he is an associate researcher in the College of Electronic Science and Engineering at Nanjing University, working on the topochemical synthesis of two-dimensional materials for applications in superconductor electronics and electrochemical energy systems.

Jianqing Zhao

currently is an Associated Professor in the College of Energy at Soochow University. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering at Louisiana State University in 2014, followed by working as a research collaborator at Brookhaven National Laboratory and then joining Soochow University in 2016. His research interest mainly focuses on developing advanced cathode and anode materials for high-energy lithium/sodium ion batteries.

Lijun Gao

is a professor at College of Energy, Soochow University. His research interests focus on electrochemical energy storage and conversion, including Li/Na-ion batteries, supercapacitors and electrocatalysis of water splitting. Dr. Gao obtained his Ph.D degree in Electrochemistry from University of Ottawa in 1994, and B.Sc. degree in Chemistry from Peking University in 1987.

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Abstract

MXenes have attracted increasing attention because of their rich surface functional groups, high electrical conductivity, and outstanding dispersibility in many solvents, and have demonstrated competitive efficiency in energy storage and conversion applications. However, the restacking nature of MXene nanosheets like other two-dimensional (2D) materials through van der Waals forces results in sluggish ionic kinetics, restricted number of active sites, and ultimate deterioration of MXene material/device performance. The strategy of raising 2D MXenes into three-dimensional (3D) structures has been considered an efficient way for reducing restacking, providing greater porosity, higher surface area, and shorter distances for mass transport of ions, surpassing standard one-dimensional (1D) and 2D structures. In multivalent ion batteries, the positive multivalent ions combine with two or more electrons at the same time, so their capacities are two or three times that of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under the same conditions, e.g., a magnesium ion battery has a high theoretical specific capacity of 2 205 mAh g⁻¹ and a high volumetric capacity of 3 833 mAh cm⁻³. In this review, we summarize the most recent strategies for fabricating 3D MXene architectures, such as assembly, template, 3D printing, electrospinning, aerogel, and gas foaming methods. Special consideration has been given to the applications of highly porous 3D MXenes in energy storage devices beyond LIBs, such as sodium ion batteries (SIBs), potassium ion batteries (KIBs), magnesium ion batteries (MIBs), zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), and aluminum ion batteries (AIBs). Finally, the authors provide a summary of the future opportunities and challenges for the construction of 3D MXenes and MXene-based electrodes for applications beyond LIBs.

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Tariq Bashir, Shaowen Zhou, Shiqi Yang, Sara Adeeba Ismail, Tariq Ali, Hao Wang, Jianqing Zhao, Lijun Gao. Progress in 3D-MXene Electrodes for Lithium/Sodium/Potassium/Magnesium/Zinc/Aluminum-Ion Batteries. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2023, 6(1): DOI:10.1007/s41918-022-00174-2