Air Stability of Solid-State Sulfide Batteries and Electrolytes

Pushun Lu; Dengxu Wu; Liquan Chen; Hong Li; Fan Wu

doi:10.1007/s41918-022-00149-3

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2022, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3) DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00149-3

Review Article

Air Stability of Solid-State Sulfide Batteries and Electrolytes

Pushun Lu ¹^,²^,³^,⁴
, Dengxu Wu ¹^,²^,³^,⁴
, Liquan Chen ¹^,²^,³^,⁴
, Hong Li ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^d
, Fan Wu ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^e

Author information +

¹Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, 213300, Liyang, Jiangsu, China

²Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, 213300, Liyang, Jiangsu, China

³Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China

⁴School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China

^d hli@iphy.ac.cn

^e fwu@iphy.ac.cn

Pushun Lu

is currently a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Prof. Fan Wu at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOP, CAS). He received his Bachelor’s degree from Xiamen University in 2018. His research interests are mainly focused on sulfide solid electrolytes and sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.

Dengxu Wu

received his Bachelor’s degree from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology in 2021. He is currently a Master candidate in condensed matter physics under the supervision of Prof. Fan Wu at IOP, CAS. His current research is focused on sulfide solid-state electrolytes and batteries.

Liquan Chen

is an Academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is also a professor at IOP, CAS. His major research field is solid-state ionics related to ion and/or electron transport in solid-state materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. He has made vital contributions to research and industrial development of Li-ion batteries in China. In recent years, he pioneered and initiated the industrialization of solid-state lithium batteries and sodium batteries.

Hong Li

is the Deputy Director of the Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, President of the “Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies (TIES)” in Liyang, Jiangsu and President of the Yangtze River Delta Research Center, IOP, CAS. Hong Li invented the first high-capacity nano-Si anode material and filed the world’s first patent for nano-Si anode materials in 1997. He has filed a total of >100 invention patents and published more than 420 SCI papers in peer-reviewed academic journals such as Science, Nature Energy, Chemical Society Reviews, Nature Communications, Joule, Advanced Materials, JACS and EES, with more than 32 800 citations.

Fan Wu

is currently a Special-term Professor at IOP, CAS, Director of Scientist Studio at IOPLY, and Chief Scientist at TIES. He obtained his Bachelor (2011) and Ph.D. (2014) degrees from Zhejiang University and North Carolina State University, respectively. He performed a postdoctoral study at Princeton University (2014–2016), after which he worked as a Research Scientist and Lab Manager at Harvard University (2016–2018).

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Abstract

Sulfides have been widely acknowledged as one of the most promising solid electrolytes (SEs) for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) due to their superior ionic conductivity and favourable mechanical properties. However, the extremely poor air stability of sulfide SEs leads to destroyed structure/performance and release of toxic H₂S gas, which greatly limits mass-production/practical application of sulfide SEs and ASSBs. This review is designed to serve as an all-inclusive handbook for studying this critical issue. First, the research history and milestone breakthroughs of this field are reviewed, and this is followed by an in-depth elaboration of the theoretical paradigms that have been developed thus far, including the random network theory of glasses, hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) theory, thermodynamic analysis and kinetics of interfacial reactions. Moreover, the characterization of air stability is reviewed from the perspectives of H₂S generation, morphology evolution, mass change, component/structure variations and electrochemical performance. Furthermore, effective strategies for improving the air stabilities of sulfide SEs are highlighted, including H₂S absorbents, elemental substitution, design of new materials, surface engineering and sulfide-polymer composite electrolytes. Finally, future research directions are proposed for benign development of air stability for sulfide SEs and ASSBs.

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Pushun Lu, Dengxu Wu, Liquan Chen, Hong Li, Fan Wu. Air Stability of Solid-State Sulfide Batteries and Electrolytes. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2022, 5(3): DOI:10.1007/s41918-022-00149-3