Tailoring MXene-Based Materials for Sodium-Ion Storage: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications

Yao-Jie Lei; Zi-Chao Yan; Wei-Hong Lai; Shu-Lei Chou; Yun-Xiao Wang; Hua-Kun Liu; Shi-Xue Dou

doi:10.1007/s41918-020-00079-y

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2020, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4) : 766 -792. DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00079-y

Review Article

Tailoring MXene-Based Materials for Sodium-Ion Storage: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications

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¹Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, 2522, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia

^c wl478@uowmail.edu.au

^e yunxiao@uow.edu.au

Yao-Jie Lei

received his Bachelor’s degree at Lanzhou University and Master’s degree from the University of Manchester and the University of Sydney. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW) under the supervision of Dr. Yunxiao Wang and Prof. Shixue Dou. His research focuses on electrocatalysts, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries and potassium-sulfur batteries.

Zi-Chao Yan

received his master’s degree in the College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, China in 2015. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials at University of Wollongong. His research focuses on the design and synthesis electrodes for sodium-based storage systems.

Wei-Hong Lai

is an Associate Research Fellow at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW). He received his Bachelor’s degree (2011) from Hebei United University and his Master’s degree (2014) from the Beijing University of Technology. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the University of Wollongong in 2019. His current research interest is renewable energy storage and conversion, including electrocatalysis and lithium-air battery/sodium-sulfur batteries.

Shu-Lei Chou

is currently an associate professor at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Wollongong in 2010. His research interests include energy storage materials for battery applications, especially novel composite materials, new binders, and new electrolytes for Li/Na batteries.

Yun-Xiao Wang

is a research fellow at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW). She obtained her Ph.D. degree from the University of Wollongong in 2015. She was awarded a 2017 Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) from the Australian Research Council. Her current research interest is renewable energy storage and conversion, including electrocatalysis, lithium/sodium-ion batteries, and lithium/sodium sulfur batteries.

Hua-Kun Liu

is a Distinguished Professor at UOW, Australia, and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering. She received the UOW Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Research Excellence as a Senior Researcher in 2013, and won the most competitive ARC Australian Professorial Fellowships in 1994–1998, 1999–2003, 2003–2005, and 2006–2010. She has supervised 80 Ph.D. students to completion and 40 postdoctoral and visiting fellows. She has been a highly cited researcher in Engineering (2016) and a highly cited researcher in Materials Science and Chemistry (2018) (by Clarvate). She has 41000 citations, and her h-index = 99 (Scopus as of June 2019).

Shi-Xue Dou

is a Distinguished Professor at UOW, Australia. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1984 at Dalhousie University, Canada and a D.Sc. from the University of New South Wales in 1998. He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering in 1994. He was awarded the Australian Government’s Centenary Medal in 2003 and multiple Australian Professorial Fellowships. He is also a program leader in the Automotive Corporative Research Center-2020. His publications have attracted more than 54700 citations with an h-index of 107. He has supervised 80 Ph.D. students, and more than 50 postdoctoral and visiting fellows.

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Abstract

Abstract

Advanced electrodes with excellent rate performance and cycling stability are in demand for the fast development of sodium storage. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as one of the most investigated subcategories of sodium storage related anodes due to their superior electron transfer capability, mechanical flexibility, and large specific surface areas. Recently, 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), one type of the new 2D materials, are known to have competitive advantages in terms of high electroconductivity, terminal functional groups, large specific surface areas, tunable interlayer spacing, and remarkable safety. These advances endow MXenes and MXene-based materials with superior electrochemical performance when they are used as electrodes for sodium-ion storage. MXenes, however, share similar defects with other 2D materials, such as serious restacking and aggregation, which need to be improved in consideration of their further applications. In this review, we present the big family of MXenes and their synthetic methods. Furthermore, recent research reports related to progress on MXene-based materials for sodium storage are compiled, including materials design and reaction mechanisms in sodium-ion batteries and sodium metal batteries. Significantly, we discuss the challenges for existing MXene-based structures with respect to their future use as electrodes, such as low capacitance, aggregation, untenable termination groups, and unclear mechanisms, thereby providing guidance for future research on MXene-based materials for sodium-ion storage.

Graphic Abstract

MXenes and MXene-based materials for sodium storages, including sodium-ion batteries, and high-energy sodium metal batteries, are summarized in this review. Structural advances and optimization strategies toward future applications for various Na-ion storages are systematically discussed.

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Yao-Jie Lei, Zi-Chao Yan, Wei-Hong Lai, Shu-Lei Chou, Yun-Xiao Wang, Hua-Kun Liu, Shi-Xue Dou. Tailoring MXene-Based Materials for Sodium-Ion Storage: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2020, 3(4): 766-792 DOI:10.1007/s41918-020-00079-y