From Liquid- to Solid-State Batteries: Ion Transfer Kinetics of Heteroionic Interfaces

Manuel Weiss; Fabian J. Simon; Martin R. Busche; Takashi Nakamura; Daniel Schröder; Felix H. Richter; Jürgen Janek

doi:10.1007/s41918-020-00062-7

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2020, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2) : 221 -238. DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00062-7

Review Article

From Liquid- to Solid-State Batteries: Ion Transfer Kinetics of Heteroionic Interfaces

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¹Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany

²Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany

³Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan

^g juergen.janek@pc.jlug.de

Manuel Weiss

received his M.Sc. in Advanced Materials from Justus Liebig University Giessen. Currently, he is working as a Ph.D. student under supervision of Prof. Jürgen Janek. His research interests include interfacial processes between different ionic conductors as well as structure–property relationships in solid electrolytes.

Fabian J. Simon

obtained his M.Sc. in Chemistry at Technical University of Munich, Germany, in 2017. He is currently a Ph.D. student working in Professor Janek’s group at Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany. His research focuses on interfaces between solid polymer electrolytes and thiophosphate-based solid electrolytes.

Martin R. Busche

studied physics and chemistry at the Justus Liebig University Giessen and received his Ph.D. in the field of physical chemistry under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Jürgen Janek. His research mainly focuses on new generation battery systems, especially featuring hybrid cell concepts comprising liquid and solid electrolytes. Herein, the novel phenomenon of a solid–liquid electrolyte interphase (SLEI) evolving at the heterogeneous phase boundary was found and analyzed in 2014. He worked for the Robert Bosch GmbH in multiple HV and 48V projects. Currently, he is Head of Engineering in the Farasis Energy Europe GmbH, the European entity of a global supplier of Li-Ion Battery Systems for automotive, stationary and industrial applications.

Takashi Nakamura

received his Ph.D. from Tohoku University in 2010. After working at Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. as a researcher, he joined Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials at Tohoku University in 2012 as an Assistant Professor, and currently, he is an Associate Professor at the Tohoku University. His research interests are development of energy storage and conversion technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries and solid oxide fuel cells based on solid-state electrochemistry and defect chemistry.

Daniel Schröder

received his Ph.D. in process engineering with distinction from TU Braunschweig in 2015, researching on secondary zinc-oxygen batteries. Afterward, he joined the Institute of Physical Chemistry at Justus Liebig University Giessen as a junior group leader. His research group focuses on redox-flow batteries and metal-oxygen batteries as well as on the understanding of the interfaces between liquid and solid in those batteries.

Felix H. Richter

received his Ph.D. in chemistry with distinction from Ruhr-Universität Bochum in 2013 for his work on mesoporous polymers as catalysts for the conversion of biomass, which he carried out at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr. During his postdoctoral work at the Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, he obtained a Research Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to work on bicontinuous hybrid electrolytes for solid-state batteries at the Department of Materials, University of Oxford. He then joined the Institute of Physical Chemistry at Justus Liebig University Giessen where he became a junior group leader. His research focuses on developing hybrid electrolytes for solid-state batteries and on understanding ion transport within composite solid electrolytes.

Jürgen Janek

holds a chair for Physical Chemistry at Justus Liebig University in Giessen (Germany) and is scientific director of BELLA, a joint lab of BASF SE and KIT in Karlsruhe/Germany. He received his doctoral degree in physical chemistry and was visiting professor at Seoul National University, Tohoku University and Université d’Aix-Marseille. His research spans a wide range from transport studies in mixed conductors and at interfaces to in situ studies in electrochemical cells. Current key interests include all-solid-state batteries, solid electrolytes and solid electrolyte interfaces. He is particularly interested in kinetics at interfaces.

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Abstract

Abstract

Hybrid battery cells combining liquid electrolytes (LEs) with inorganic solid electrolyte (SE) separators or different SEs and polymer electrolytes (PEs), respectively, are developed to solve the issues of single-electrolyte cells. Among the issues that can be solved are detrimental shuttle effects, decomposition reactions between the electrolyte and the electrodes, and dendrite propagation. However, the introduction of new interfaces by contacting different ionic conductors leads to other problems, which cannot be neglected before commercialization is possible. The interfaces between the different types of ionic conductors (LE/SE and PE/SE) often result in significant charge-transfer resistances, which increase the internal resistance considerably. This review highlights studies evaluating the interfacial resistances and activation barriers in such systems to present an overview of the issues still hampering hybrid battery systems. The interfaces between different SEs in hybrid all-solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered as well. In addition, a short summary of physicochemical models describing heteroionic interfaces—interfaces between two different ion conductors—is given in an attempt to explain high interface resistances. In doing so, we hope to inspire future work on the crucial topic of interface optimization toward better SSBs.

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Manuel Weiss, Fabian J. Simon, Martin R. Busche, Takashi Nakamura, Daniel Schröder, Felix H. Richter, Jürgen Janek. From Liquid- to Solid-State Batteries: Ion Transfer Kinetics of Heteroionic Interfaces. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2020, 3(2): 221-238 DOI:10.1007/s41918-020-00062-7