Strategies for Obtaining High-Performance Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries

Deng Yi-Cheng; You Zi-Chang; Lin Geng-Zhong; Tang Guo; Wu Jing-Hua; Zhou Zhi-Min; Zhuang Xiang-Chun; Yang Li-Xuan; Zhang Zhen-Jie; Wen Zhao-Yin; Yao Xia-Yin; Wang Chang-Hong; Zhou Qian; Cui Guang-Lei; He Ping; Li Hui; Ai Xin-Ping

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3585

Journal of Electrochemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10) : 2516002 DOI: 10.61558/2993-074X.3585

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Strategies for Obtaining High-Performance Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries

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^aHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry & Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China

^bState Key Lab of High Performance Ceram and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

^cNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

^dEastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of All-Solid-State Battery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of All-Solid-State Battery, Ningbo, 315200, P. R. China

^eQingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China

^fCenter of Energy Storage Mater. & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China

^gState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, P. R. China

*Zhao-Yin Wen, E-mail address: zywen@mail.sic.ac.cn, Xia-Yin Yao, E-mail address: yaoxy@nimte.ac.cn, Chang-Hong Wang, E-mail address: cwang@eitech.edu.cn, Qian Zhou, E-mail address: zhouqian3@qibebt.ac.cn, Guang-Lei Cui, E-mail address: cuigl@qibebt.ac.cn, Ping He: E-mail address: pinghe@nju.edu.cn, Hui Li, E-mail address: lih@whu.edu.cn, Xin-Ping Ai: E-mail address: xpai@whu.edu.cn

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Abstract

With the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), safety concerns associated with flammable organic electrolytes have become increasingly critical. Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs), with enhanced safety and higher energy density potential, are regarded as a promising next-generation energy storage technology. However, the practical application of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) remains hindered by several challenges, including low Li⁺ion conductivity, poor interfacial compatibility with electrodes, unfavorable mechanical properties and difficulties in scalable manufacturing. This review systematically examines recent progress in SSEs, including inorganic types (oxides, sulfides, halides), organic types (polymers, plastic crystals, poly(ionic liquids) (PILs)), and the emerging class of soft solid-state electrolytes (S³Es), especially those based on “rigid-flexible synergy” composites and “Li⁺-desolvation” mechanism using porous frameworks. Critical assessment reveals that single-component SSEs face inherent limitations that are difficult to be fully overcome through compositional and structural modification alone. In contrast, S³Es integrate the strength of complementary components to achieve a balanced and synergic enhancement in electrochemical properties (e.g., ionic conductivity and stability window), mechanical integrity, and processability, showing great promise as next-generation SSEs. Furthermore, the application-oriented challenges and emerging trends in S³E research are outlined, aiming to provide strategic insights into future development of high-performance SSEs.

Keywords

Solid-state electrolytes / Solid-state batteries / Soft solid-state electrolytes / Lithium-ion conductivity / Interface compatibility

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Deng Yi-Cheng, You Zi-Chang, Lin Geng-Zhong, Tang Guo, Wu Jing-Hua, Zhou Zhi-Min, Zhuang Xiang-Chun, Yang Li-Xuan, Zhang Zhen-Jie, Wen Zhao-Yin, Yao Xia-Yin, Wang Chang-Hong, Zhou Qian, Cui Guang-Lei, He Ping, Li Hui, Ai Xin-Ping. Strategies for Obtaining High-Performance Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2025, 31(10): 2516002 DOI:10.61558/2993-074X.3585

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Acknowledgments

Xin-Ping Ai acknowledges the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3800300). Zi-Chang You and Zhao-Yin Wen acknowledge the supports from National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB3807700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A20248). Zhi-Min Zhou and Chang-Hong Wang acknowledge the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. W2441017, 22409103) and the “Innovation Yongjiang 2035” Key R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2024Z040, 2025Z063). Xiang-Chun Zhuang, Li-Xuan Yang, Qian Zhou and Guang-Lei Cui acknowledge the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFC2812700), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2024YQ008). Ping He acknowledges funding supports from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3800300), science and technology innovation fund for emission peak and carbon neutrality of Jiangsu province (Grant Nos. BK20220034, BK20231512). We also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com.cn) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Author Contribution

Yi-Cheng Deng: Writing - original draft (Equal); Zichang You Writing - original draft (Equal); Geng-Zhong Lin: Writing - original draft (Equal); Guo Tang: Writing - original draft (Equal); Jing-Hua Wu Writing - original draft (Equal); Zhi-Min Zhou: Writing - original draft (Equal); Xiang-Chun Zhuang: Writing - original draft (Equal); Li-Xuan Yang: Writing - original draft (Equal); Zhen-Jie Zhang: Writing - original draft (Equal); Zhao-Yin Wen: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Xia-yin Yao: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Chang-Hong Wang: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Qian Zhou: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Guang-Lei Cui: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Ping He: Writing - review & editing (Equal); Hui Li: Writing - review & editing (Equal).

Data Availability

This review does not involve the use of primary data. All information is based on previously published studies.

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