Structure Regulation Engineering for Biomass-Derived Carbon Anodes Enabling High-Rate Dual-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) usually use carbon-based materials as electrodes, showing advantages in high operating voltage, potential low cost, and environmental friendliness. Different from conventional “rocking chair” type secondary batteries, DIBs perform a unique working mechanism, which employ both cation and anion taking part in capacity contribution at an anode and a cathode, respectively, during electrochemical reactions. Graphite has been identified as a suitable cathode material for anion intercalation at high voltages (> 4.8 V) with fast reaction kinetics. However, the development of DIBs is being hindered by dynamic mismatch between a cathode and an anode due to sluggish Li⁺ diffusion at a high rate. Herein, we prepared phyllostachys edulis derived carbon (PEC) through microstructure regulation strategy and investigated the carbonized temperature effect, which effectively tailored the rich short-range ordered graphite microdomains and disordered amorphous regions, as well as a unique nano-pore hierarchical structure. The pore size distribution of nano-pores was concentrated in 0.5-5 nm, providing suitable channels for rapid Li⁺ transportation. It was found that PEC-500 (carbonized at 500 ℃) achieved a high capacity of 436 mAh·g^-1 at 300 mA·g^-1 and excellent rate performance (maintaining a high capacity of 231 mAh·g^-1 at 3 A·g^-1). The assembled dual-carbon PEC-500||graphite full battery delivered 114 mAh·g^-1 at 10 C with 96% capacity retention after 3000 cycles and outstanding rate capability, providing 74 mAh·g^-1 at 50 C.

Keywords

Dual-ion battery / Biomass hard carbon / Structural regulation / High operating voltage / High rate

Supporting Information

Additional information as noted in the text. This material is available free of charge via the internet at https://jelectrochem.xmu.edu.cn/journal.

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52272208, 22309057), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2023AFB355), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2662022LXQD001).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability

Data will be made available on request.

Author Contribution

Fei-Fei Cao: Conceptualization (Lead), Project administration (Lead), Supervision (Lead), Writing - review & editing (Lead), funded (Lead); Rui Zhou: Investigation (Equal), Methodology (Equal), Writing-original draft (Lead); Rui Liu: Investigation(Equal), Methodology (Equal); Yun-Luo Li: Methodology (Supporting); Si-Jie Jiang: Investigation (Supporting), Methodology (Supporting); Tian-Tian Jing: Methodology (Supporting); Yan-Song Xu: Conceptualization (Equal), Writing-review& editing (Equal), funded (Equal).

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