Questionnaire-based study on speech changes and delays in children using protective masks: A public health issue that cannot be ignored

Abstract

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prolonged use of face masks became necessary for infection control. However, this widespread practice may have unintentionally impacted communication, particularly in children at critical stages of speech and language development.

Objective: This study aims to examine parental perceptions regarding the effect of prolonged face-mask use on speech and language development in children aged 2-8 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 14-item online questionnaire completed voluntarily by parents or legal guardians. The survey explored perceived speech and language changes, recovery following discontinuation of mask use, and whether professional intervention (e.g., speech therapy) was sought.

Results: A total of 60 participants were recruited. Language delays were more frequently reported in children under 3 years of age (38%) than in older children (22%). Following the end of mask use, 43.1% of parents reported no change in language development, 29.3% perceived no association, and 27.6% observed improvement. Among those who noticed delays, 30.8% consulted a speech therapist, 61.5% reported spontaneous recovery, and 7.7% reported no recovery. Overall, 77.3% of children showed significant language recovery after stopping mask use, 13.6% recovered partially, and 9.1% did not recover.

Conclusion: Parental perceptions suggest that prolonged mask use may have interfered with language development in some children, especially the youngest. While many children improved spontaneously, a notable proportion required professional intervention. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and support for children potentially affected by communication while wearing masks during critical developmental periods. Further research using clinician-assessed measures is needed to validate these perceptions.

Keywords

COVID-19 / Protective mask / Speech therapy / Myofunctional therapy / Periodontitis / Children

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

Gaetano Isola is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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