Synergistic Engineering of Oxygen Vacancies and Topological Surface States in Bi2Te3/TiO2-X Heterostructures for Highly Efficient Photothermal-Driven CO2 Photoreduction
Bingke Zhang , Chenchen Zhao , Jing Qiao , Changcun Li , Yang Wang , Xingshuo Liu , Dongbo Wang , Gang Liu , Zhao Qian , Rajeev Ahuja , Jinzhong Wang , Degang Zhao
Energy & Environmental Materials ›› 2026, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (5) : e70258
Solar-driven photothermal CO2 reduction into multicarbon (C2+) products represents a promising yet challenging route for sustainable fuel production. A key obstacle remains the inefficient C–C coupling due to poor CO2 activation and limited charge utilization, especially under full-spectrum light. Herein, we propose a heterojunction photocatalyst that synergistically integrates the topological insulator Bi2Te3 with oxygen-doped TiO2-X to address these challenges. The metallic nature of Bi2Te3 enables broad-spectrum photon harvesting from UV to near-infrared and generates substantial photothermal heat, while the oxygen vacancies in TiO2-X create an asymmetric electronic environment that promotes CO2 adsorption, bending, and activation. The built-in electric field formed at the heterointerface drives efficient electron transfer from Bi2Te3 to TiO2-X, which suppresses charge recombination and ensures a prolonged electron supply for multistep reduction reactions. Under full-spectrum irradiation without external heating, the optimized Bi2Te3/TiO2-X catalyst achieves a remarkable C2+ production rate of 15.08 μmol g−1 h−1 with selectivity toward C2H4 and C2H6. Combined photoelectronic measurements and theoretical analyses confirm that the synergistic photothermal–photocatalytic effect and tailored charge dynamics collectively lower the energy barrier for C–C coupling. This work offers a strategic material design leveraging topological insulators and defect engineering for efficient CO2-to-C2+ conversion.
Bi2Te3 / C2+ production / CO2 reduction / photothermal catalysis / TiO2-X
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2026 The Author(s). Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.
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