Ultra-High Strength and Environmentally Stable Fluorinated Solid-State Ion-Conductive Elastomers with Folding-Paper-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wave Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Solid-state ion-conductive elastomers (SICEs) as novel conductive elastomer materials are the most attractive candidates for energy-harvesting devices. However, integrating mechanical properties, conductivity, and harsh environment resistance into SICEs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a “three birds with one stone” strategy based on the fluorine effect to prepare a fluorinated SICE (TICE-70Li) with excellent mechanical performance, conductivity, and environmental stability. Benefiting from multiple interactions and fluorination effects, TICE-70Li exhibits outstanding mechanical performance (7.35 MPa and 61.4 MJ m⁻³) and ionic conductivity (4.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹). Compared with fluorine-free SICE (DICE-XLi), the comprehensive performance of TICE-70Li has been fully improved. Moreover, TICE-70Li exhibits excellent resilience, environmental stability, and self-healing performance. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TICE-TENG) based on TICE-70Li not only demonstrate high power density (1.72 W m⁻²), but also can be stably operated in a variety of harsh environments. TICE-TENG based paper-folding TENGs enable energy harvesting for a wide range of water wave motions. Notably, we achieve the recycling and reutilization of polyurethane elastomers and LiTFSI by solvent recycling. This work provides new strategies for the construction of high-performance fluorinated SICEs and environmentally stable energy-harvesting devices, providing new insight into the sustainability of SICEs.

Keywords

fluorine effect / harsh environments / ion-conductive elastomers / LiTFSI recycling / triboelectric nanogenerators

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