Spatially Configuring RGO Interlayers With PANI/Lignin Nanoparticles Toward High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Abstract

The high-performance flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (FSAC) plays a critical role in advancing the innovation of next-generation portable electronics. However, FSACs face challenges in achieving high capacitance and energy density. Herein, we develop a novel electrode strategy by self-assembling polyaniline (PANI)/lignin conjugated porous nanoparticles (PLNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The PLNPs are homogeneously distributed between RGO layers through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions to configure the interlayer spacing spatially. As a result, the composite film achieves a high area-specific capacitance of 1151 mF cm⁻², which is 10 times higher than that of the pure RGO film. Moreover, the film exhibits excellent rate performance (~74%) and cycling stability (~76.88% after 10 000 cycles). The assembled flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (PLNPs@RGO//Ti₃C₂Tx) exhibits a specific capacitance of 113.87 F g⁻¹ and a high energy density of 35.58 Wh kg⁻¹ (177.92 μWh cm⁻²). This novel PLNPs@RGO composite film opens up a new window in the development of high-performance FSACs.

Keywords

asymmetric supercapacitor / electrodes / interlayer spacing / PANI/lignin nanoparticles / RGO films

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2025 The Author(s). Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.