Chlorofullerene C₆₀Cl₆ Enables Efficient and Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have received great attention due to their eco-friendly properties and high theoretical efficiencies. However, the fast crystallization feature of tin-based perovskites leads to poor film quality and limits the corresponding device performance. Herein, a chlorofullerene, C₆₀Cl₆, with six chlorine attached to the C₆₀ cage, is applied to modulate the crystallization process and passivate grain boundary defects of the perovskite film. The chemical interactions between C₆₀Cl₆ and perovskite components retard the transforming process of precursors to perovskite crystals and obtain a high-quality tin-based perovskite film. It is also revealed that the C₆₀Cl₆ located at the surfaces and grain boundaries can not only passivate the defects but also offer a role in suturing grain boundaries to suppress the detrimental effects of water and oxygen on perovskite films, especially the oxidation of Sn²⁺ to Sn⁴⁺. As a result, the C₆₀Cl₆-based device yields a remarkably improved device efficiency from 10.03% to 13.30% with enhanced stability. This work provides a new strategy to regulate the film quality and stability of TPSCs using functional fullerene materials.

Keywords

crystallization regulation / defect passivation / fullerene derivative / perovskites solar cell / tin-based perovskite

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