Sustainable energy production from grape marc: from thermo-analytical and chemical analysis to kinetic modeling and environmental impact assessment

Abstract

•	Grape marc and its blends with lignite showed positive/enhanced fuel characteristics.
•	The activation energy of grape marc was lower than that of lignite.
•	The empirical chemical formula of the grape marc found to be C277N10SH398O134.
•	The synergistic effect of grape marc co-combustion with lignite was detected.
•	Maximum emission factors of grape marc were 98.5 gCO2/MJ, 0.5 gNO/MJ, and 0.5 gSO2/MJ.

Keywords

Co-combustion / Circular economy / Solid winery waste / Synergistic effect / Grape marc / Waste to energy (WtE)

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Funding

State Scholarships Foundation(MIS-5000432)