Experimental study on a diesel engine fueled with Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel containing dispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles: performance, combustion, and emission analyses

Abstract

This study examined the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel (BD20) and TiO₂ nanoparticles. TiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed in BD20 biodiesel at different concentrations (50, 75, and 100 mg/L). In addition, a dispersant (QPAN80) was added at a ratio of 1:1 for the surface modification of the TiO₂ nanoparticles. Injection pressures of 200, 225, and 250 bar were used to investigate the effect of the aforementioned variables on performance. The dispersion of nanoparticles in BD20 improved the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the nanofuel. The cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release rate (NHRR) of BD20 blended with nanoparticles were significantly higher than those of conventional diesel. The NO_x emission levels were lower. An increasing in the injection pressure improved the operating characteristics. At an FIP of 250 bar, the progressive BTE and minimum BSFC were 34.46% and 0.234 kg/kWh, whereas the peak CP and NHRR were 69.66 bar and 70.14 J/°C, respectively. CO, HC, NO_x, and smoke were 0.02%, 33 ppm, 846 ppm, and 37.58%, respectively, for BD20 + 75 mg/L of TiO₂ + 75 mg/L of QPAN.

Keywords

Nanoparticles / Stability / Biodiesel / Cylinder pressure / Brake thermal efficiency

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