Ibuprofen removal using activated carbon from acid-modified Acacia sawdust

Abstract

The concentration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen in water bodies is alarming that may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human beings. This study investigated the removal of Ibuprofen in an aqueous solution using the acid-modified (phosphoric acid) Acacia sawdust activated carbon (ASAC). The ASAC underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses. The Ibuprofen (IBP) removal using ASAC was investigated in a batch experiment using a central composite design and considering the effects of adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial IBP concentration. Mechanisms that explained the adsorption of IBP onto ASAC were determined through isotherm and kinetic modeling. The findings revealed that the ASAC contained active site micropores and functional groups such as O–H, C–O, and COOH, which were responsible for adsorption via hydrogen and oxygen bonding between ASAC and IBP. The optimum IBP removal of 98.61% was attained at 0.20 g ASAC adsorbent dosage, 60 min contact time, and 400 ppm initial IBP concentration. The IBP compound was attached in the monolayer to the ASAC, with R ² of 0.9787 of the Langmuir isotherm model. The physical attachment of IBP molecules onto the surface of ASAC via Van der Waals forces was known through the R ² of 0.9863 of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Overall, the ASAC removed IBP from an aqueous solution with an adsorption capacity of 121.95 mg/g, suggesting its considerable potential as a novel source of activated carbon.

Keywords

Acacia sawdust / Adsorption capacity / Langmuir isotherm / Pseudo-first-order kinetic / Central composite design

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