Mixed Mn oxides loaded biomass waste-based catalysts for methylene blue dye decoloration

Abstract

Manganese oxides loaded cellulose, lignin, and rice husk catalysts were prepared by in situ reduction of permanganate. CV, FT-IR, SEM–EDS, TGA, XPS, and XRD analyses were applied to characterize the obtained catalysts. Mn 2p band deconvolution revealed Mn₂O₃ and MnO₂ phases for modified rice husk and cellulose, while amorphous Mn₃O₄ and MnO₂ phases were found for modified lignin. The morphology of MnO₂/Mn₃O₄@KL presents micro/nanospherical particles with aggregation, giving rise to large agglomerations. The relative atomic concentrations of total manganese oxides in fresh catalysts are about 2%, 2.6%, and 6.3% for modified lignin, cellulose, and rice husk, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on the modified lignin catalyst (60%) was higher than those of modified rice husk (40%) and cellulose (26%), due to the surface charge state and the strong adsorption affinity of lignin-based catalysts with dye. At the optimal contact time of 10 min, the decoloration rate of the modified lignin was higher than 98% for 10 mg/L dye concentration with a catalyst dose of 1 g/L. However, an increase in the initial concentration of dye affects the decoloration rate constants of the modified lignin. The pseudo-first-order rate equation described the kinetic decoloration of methylene blue dye with good correlation coefficients. MnO₂/Mn₃O₄@KL as a low-cost and effective material for the removal of methylene blue may become an alternative catalyst to reduce wastewater pollution.

Keywords

Heterogeneous catalyst / Lignin / Manganese oxide / Methylene blue

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Funding

the world academy of sciences(((17-461 RG/CHE/AF/AC_I – FR3240300134)))