Study on Magnatec oil-based MR fluid and its damping efficiency using MR damper with various annular gap configurations

Abstract

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are a talk of the day due to their potential applications in various fields. In the present work, six different MR fluids were prepared based on the variation in the percentage of carbonyl iron (CI) particles and carrier liquid. The smart material CI particle was well characterized by XRD, SEM-EDAX and VSM measurements. The effect of carrier fluid on sedimentation was tested using CI 50% and compared with the other carrier oil used. The Magnatec oil acts as a better candidate due to its sedimentation stability and thermal resistance. Therefore, the rheological measurement was examined for the three magnetorheological fluids (MRF) prepared, namely MRF 32, MRF 50 and MRF 80 with Magnatec oil as carrier liquid. The three various size annular gaps between the piston and the inner cylinder casing was also studied. Among the three variations, 1, 1.5 and 2 mm, the maximum damping force was obtained for 1-mm annular gap. A number of experimentations were carried out to investigate the performance of the MR fluid as well as the annular gap. Cyclic load test was performed with various annular gaps, and 0.536 kN was the maximum damping force for 1-mm annular gap.

Keywords

Annular gap / MR fluid / Sedimentation / Magnatec oil / MR damper / Damping force

References

[1] Ahamed R, Ferdaus MM, Li Y. Advancement in energy harvesting magneto-rheological fluid damper: a review. Korea-Aust Rheol J, 2016, 28(4): 355-379

[2] Bai XX, Chen P. On the hysteresis mechanism of magnetorheological fluids. Front Mater, 2019, 6(36): 9

[3] Bella F, Muñoz-García AB, Colò F, Meligrana G, Lamberti A, Destro M, Pavone M, Gerbaldi C. Combined structural, chemometric, and electrochemical investigation of vertically aligned TiO₂ nanotubes for Na-ion batteries. ACS Omega, 2018, 3(7): 8440-8450

[4] Carlson JD, Chrzan MJ, Raleigh NC, Girard FJ (1994) Magnetorheological fluid devices: US, 5284330. 1994-02-08

[5] Daniel C, Hemalatha G, Sarala L, Tensing D, Manoharan SS, Bai XX (2020) Experimental investigation of a self-powered magnetorheological damper for seismic mitigation. In: CIGOS 2019, innovation for sustainable infrastructure, pp 397–402

[6] Falco M, Castro L, Nair JR, Bella F, Bardé F, Meligrana G, Gerbaldi C. UV-cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte for high-rate, ambient temperature lithium batteries. ACS Appl Energy Mater, 2019, 2(3): 1600-1607

[7] Fathima S, Muthalif AGA, Raisuddin Khan M. Investigation of annular gap size for optimizing the dynamic range of MR damper using comsol multiphysics software. Appl Mech Mater, 2014, 606: 187-192

[8] Fernando DG, Carlson JD (2006) Investigating the time dependence of the MR effect. In: Proceeding of the 10th international conference on ER fluids, MR suspensions. Lake Tahoe, USA: World Scientific, pp 165–171

[9] Fuchs A, Xin M, Gordaninejad F, Wang X, Hitchcock GH, Gecol H, Evrensel C, Korol G. Development and characterization of hydrocarbon polyol polyurethane and silicone magnetorheological polymeric gels. J Appl Polym Sci, 2004, 92: 1176-1182

[10] Gordaninejad F, Kelso SP. Fail-safe magneto-rheological fluid dampers for off-highway, high-payload vehicles. J Intell Mater Syst Struct, 2000, 11(5): 395-406

[11] Jang IB, Kim HB, Lee JY, You JL, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Role of organic coating on carbonyl iron suspended particles in magnetorheological fluids. J Appl Phys, 2005, 97(10): 10Q912

[12] Jolly MR, Bender JW, Carlon JD. Properties and applications of commercial magnetorheological fluids. J Intell Mater Syst Struct, 1999, 10(1): 5-13

[13] Jun J, Uhm S, Ryu J, Suh K. Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse magnetic composite particles for magnetorheological fluid materials. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp, 2005, 260: 157-164

[14] Lefrançois Perreault L, Colò F, Meligrana G, Kim K, Fiorilli S, Bella F, Nair JR, Vitale-Brovarone C, Florek J, Kleitz F, Gerbaldi C. Spray-dried mesoporous mixed Cu–Ni oxide at graphene nanocomposite microspheres for high power and durable Li-ion battery anodes. Adv Energy Mater, 2018, 35: 1802438

[15] Lim ST, Choi HJ, Jhon MS (2005) Magnetorheological characterization of carbonyl iron-organoclay suspensions. INTERMAG Asia 2005. In: Digests of the IEEE international magnetics conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1464022

[16] Milecki A, Hauke M. Application of magnetorheological fluid in industrial shock absorbers. Mech Syst Signal Process, 2012, 28: 528-541

[17] Nair JR, Colò F, Kazzazi A, Moreno M, Bresser D, Lin R, Bella F, Meligrana G, Fantini S, Simonetti E, Appetecchi GB. Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-based electrolyte cocktails for safe, high working potential Li-based polymer batteries. J Power Sources, 2019, 1(412): 398-407

[18] Pan HJ, Huang HJ, Zhang LZ, Qi JY, Cao SK. Rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid prepared by gelatin—carbonyl iron composite particles. J Cent S Univ Technol, 2005, 12(4): 411-415

[19] Park JH, Chin BD. Rheological properties and stabilization of magnetorheological fluids in a water-in-oil emulsion. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2001, 240: 349-354

[20] Rabinow J. The magnetic fluid clutch. Electr Eng, 1948, 67(12): 1167

[21] Rabinow J (1951) Magnetic fluid torque and force transmitting device. US Patent 2(575):360

[22] Radzir NN, Hanifah SA, Ahmad A, Hassan NH, Bella F. Effect of lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salt-doped UV-cured glycidyl methacrylate. J Solid-State Electrochem, 2015, 19(10): 3079-3085

[23] Vessonen I. MR fluid-based damping force control for vehicle cabin vibration suppression. VTT Symp, 2003, 225: 51-66

[24] Viota JL, Vicente JD, Duran JDG, Delgado AV. Stabilization of magnetorheological suspensions by polycyclic acid polymers. Colloid Interface Sci, 2005, 284: 527-541

[25] Wang HX, Ruan YM, Kong S, Wang J. Experiments and analysis for rheological properties of MRF. J Cent S Univ Technol, 2008, 15(1): 284-287

[26] Yang G, Spencer BF, Carlson JD. Large-scale MR fluid damper: modeling and dynamic performance considerations. Eng Struct, 2002, 24: 309-323

[27] Zhang X, Li W, Gong XL. Study on magnetorheological shear thickening fluid. Smart Mater Struct, 2008, 17(1): 015051

[28] Zhen C, Wan-quan J, Xing-zhu YE, Xing-long G. Preparation of superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄/PMMA nano composites and their magnetorheological characteristics. J Magn Magn Mater, 2008, 320: 1499-1502

[29] Zite JL, Ahmadkhanlou F, Neelakantan VA, Washington GN (2006a) A magnetorheological fluid based orthopedic active knee brace. In: Smart structures and materials 2006: industrial and commercial applications of smart structures technologies, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006 Mar 30, vol 6171, p 61710H

[30] Zite JL, Ahmadkhanlou F, Neelakantan VA, Washington GN (2006b) A magnetorheological fluid based orthopedic active knee brace. smart structures and materials 2006. In: Industrial and commercial applications of smart structures technologies. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658693

Funding

Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology(DST/TSG/STS/2015/30-G)