Converting briquettes of orange and banana peels into carbonaceous materials for activated sustainable carbon and fuel sources

Abstract

Orange and banana peels were dried, chopped, and briquetted under pressures of 2, 3, and 5 tons/cm², and then carbonized at 600 °C for 60 min to investigate some of their physical and thermal properties for use as sustainable carbon and fuel sources. The effects of compaction/briquetting loads on density, durability, and ignition temperature were analyzed for both non-carbonized and carbonized orange and banana peel briquettes. The acceptable compaction load was found to be 2 and 5 tons/cm² for orange and banana peel briquettes, respectively. The acceptable manufacturing condition in order to have less weight reduction in the drop test in terms of durability for solving handling and transportation problems was 2 tons/cm² for both orange and banana peel briquettes. Ignition temperature tests showed that orange peel briquettes produced under 3 tons/cm² and banana peel briquettes produced under 5 tons/cm² had acceptable ignition temperatures. In the case of carbonized briquettes, the acceptable compaction load for orange and banana peel briquettes was 5 and 2 tons/cm², respectively. Based on the analysis of compression strength tests, residual strengths were 2.15, 2.18, and 2.30 MPa for orange peel briquettes and 1.74, 2.03, and 2.45 MPa for banana peel briquettes under 2, 3, and 5 tons/cm², respectively. By increasing the compaction load, residual strengths were increased for both orange and banana peels; however, beyond 5 tons/cm², the quality of the briquettes deteriorated.

Keywords

Orange peels / Banana peels / Briquetting / Carbonization / Mechanical properties / Ignition temperature / Activated charcoal

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