Potential application spectrum of microbial proteases for clean and green industrial production

Abstract

Enzymes are the cornerstones of metabolism and constitute the fundamental basis for existence of life. However, recently enzymes are being implicated in diverse industrial processes because of their specific and fast action for efficient bioconversion of substrate to product, and their capability to save raw materials, energy and chemicals for various manufacturing processes. Enzymes are considered as environment-friendly (green) chemicals that may potentially help replacing completely or reducing the usage of hazardous chemicals for industrial processes, thus promising sustainable production and manufacturing. Among various industrial enzymes microbial proteases dominate the world enzyme market due to their multifaceted application potential in varied bioindustries like food, pharmaceutical, textile, photographic, leather and detergent. Promising applications of proteases in agricultural sector for instance may include biocontrol of pests, degumming of silk, selective delignification of hemp and wool processing. However, for successful industrial applications the proteases must be robust enough to suit the process conditions which are generally hostile. Proteases intended for industrial applications must have activity and stability over wide range of temperature and pH extremes for prolonged time periods and even in the presence of various potential enzyme inhibitors. Of various microbial proteases those from Bacillus spp. have got special significance because the latter are known for their ability to produce sturdy enzymes that might have suitability for industrial process conditions. The current article presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on application potential of proteases for various industries.

Keywords

Microbial enzymes / Protease / Bacillus / Applications / Eco-friendly / Pollution

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Funding

University Grants Commission, Government of India(UGC MRP- Ref. F. No. 42-226/2013 (SR))

Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India(ICMR-Research Project Ref. No: 5/4/1/EXM/12-NCD-II)

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR-JRF/SRF-NET)

Institute of Advanced Study, Durham University, Durham, UK for providing COFUND-International Senior Research Fellowship for ‘Research Stay’ at Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham UK