Oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine: a new insight into the biological significance in the mammalian genome
Olga Alekseyevna Efimova , Anna Andreyevna Pendina , Andrei Vladimirovich Tikhonov , Tatyana Vladimirovna Kuznetzova , Vladislav Sergeyevich Baranov
Ecological Genetics ›› 2014, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1) : 3 -13.
Oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine: a new insight into the biological significance in the mammalian genome
The present review summarizes data on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine - a modification of cytosine with a recently discovered epigenetic effect. The biochemical mechanisms of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine formation and further modification in the mammalian genome are discussed; the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the epigenetic reprogramming during mammalian gametogenesis and early embryogenesis as well as in the regulation of gene expression is analyzed; data on the diseases and the adverse environmental factors, linked to the DNA hydroxymethyaltion disruptions is shown.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine / 5-formylcytosine / 5-carboxylcytosine / active DNA demethylation / epigenetic genome reprogramming in mammals / gene expression / environmental factors
Efimova O.A., Pendina A.A., Tikhonov A.V., Kuznetzova T.V., Baranov V.S.
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