Acupuncture education and training: the Italian and UK experience

Keywords

acupuncture / education / training / regulation / practice / integration / Europe

Funding

Prof. Nicola Robinson is a visiting professor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and is funded by the Research and Development for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Program, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (grant no.: B23041).

Author Contribution Statement

Nicola Robinson: Conceptualization, writing - original draft, and writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

Prof. Nicola Robinson is the Editor-in-Chief of Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine and Technology Assessment.

Use of AI Statement

None.

References

[1] Hsu E. Outline of the History of Acupuncture in Europe” J Chin Med. 1989; 29: 28-32.

[2] Taylor K. Divergent interests and cultivated misunderstandings: the influence of the West on modern Chinese medicine. Soc Hist Med. 2004; 17(1):93-111.

[3] Supreme Court of Cassation, criminal section VI, Judgment no. 7176, dated July 19, 1982, Pres. CLEMENTE DI SAN LUCA “Abusive practice of a profession - Acupuncture - Practice by a person without a degree in Medicine and Surgery - Existence of crime”.

[4] Giovanardi CM, Mazzanti U, Poini A. Acupuncture in Italy: state of the art. Integr Med Res. 2020; 9(1):1-4.

[5] Eckman P. In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor: Tracing the History of Traditional Acupuncture. San Francisco, USA: Long River Press; 2007.

[6] Moir F. Acupuncture education in the UK. East Asian Sci Technol Soc Intern J. 2024; 19(2):234-251.

[7] Tang S. From outcast to inboard’: the transmission, professionalisation and integration of acupuncture into British medical culture. Asian Med. 2006; 2(2):254-276.

[8] Shifrin K. Setting standards for acupuncture training: a model for complementary medicine. Complem Ther Med. 1993; 1(2):91-95.

[9] Givati A, Berlinsky S. The “disenchantment” of traditional acupuncturists in higher education. Health. 2023; 27(1):20-40.

[10] Saks M. Alternative medicine and the health care division of labour: present trends and future prospects. Curr Sociol. 2001; 49(3):119-134.

[11] Saks M, Robinson N. The politics of integrative medicine: the case of CAM. ” Eur J Integr Med. 2015; 7(6):557-560.