Geothermal exploration and development in North Africa have advanced significantly, driven by the region's rich geothermal resources and rising energy demand. The countries of Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt are located near tectonic plate boundaries (African and Eurasian plates), giving them substantial geothermal potential. Various exploration activities, including geological surveys and geophysical studies, have been conducted to assess geothermal reservoirs and identify suitable development sites. This article reviews the progress made in geothermal exploration across the region, highlighting the key activities undertaken to evaluate geothermal resources. It also explores how government policies have played a critical role either in fostering or in freezing geothermal development. The different conducted assessments such as analyzing geological structures, hydrothermal systems, and subsurface temperatures lead to identify suitable sites for geothermal development and improve the understanding of subsurface conditions and ongoing projects. Today, some countries in North Africa are positioning themselves to become important players in the global geothermal energy landscape, and with continued investment and concerted efforts, the region has the potential to emerge as a prominent player in the global geothermal energy landscape.
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