Experimental study on dynamic behavior analysis of coal and its acoustic emission response characteristics under impact failure

Abstract

In coal mines, dynamic disasters such as rock bursts seriously threaten the safety of mining activities. Exploring the dynamic behaviors and disaster characteristics in the impact failure process of coal serves as the basis and prerequisite for monitoring and warning rock bursts. In this context, impact failure tests of coal were carried out under different axial static loads and impact velocities to analyze the dynamic behaviors and acoustic emission (AE) response characteristics of coal. The results show that the dynamic behaviors of coal under combined dynamic and static loads are significantly different from those under static loads, and the stress-strain curve displays double peaks without an obvious compaction stage. As the axial static load grows, the dynamic strength and peak strain both have a quadratic function with the axial static load. When the coal damage intensifies instantaneously, the AE count and energy parameters both witness pulse-like increases and reach their peak values. The damage effect of axial static loads on coal, though limited, has an extreme point. In contrast, the impact velocity can strengthen the response of AE signals and has linear function relationships with the peak values of AE count and energy. This plays a leading role in the damage to samples and sets a critical point for coal failure and fracture. Compared with the analysis results of stress and strain, the responses of AE signals are more accurate and reliable. Based on AE response characteristics, the damage evolution process of coal under the combined dynamic and static loads can be identified more accurately to reveal the moment corresponding to coal damage and the characteristics of coal failure. The research results are conducive to the further application of AE monitoring methods to early warning of rock burst disasters in coal mining sites.

Keywords

acoustic emission response / coal sample / dynamic behavior / loading stress

References

[1] Aker E, Kühn D, Vavryčuk V, Soldal M, Oye V. Experimental investigation of acoustic emissions and their moment tensors in rock during failure. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2014; 70: 286-295.

[2] Cartwright-Taylor A, Vallianatos F, Sammonds P. Superstatistical view of stress-induced electric current fluctuations in rocks. Phys A Stat Mech Appl. 2014; 414: 368-377.

[3] Chen D, Wang L, Versaillot PD, Sun C. Triaxial creep damage characteristics of sandstone under high crustal stress and its constitutive model for engineering application. Deep Undergr Sci Eng. 2023; 2(3): 262-273.

[4] Chen X, Li L, Wang L, Qi L. The current situation and prevention and control countermeasures for typical dynamic disasters in kilometer-deep mines in China. Saf Sci. 2019; 115: 229-236.

[5] Dou LM. Technique of classification forecasting rock burst in coal mines. J Chin Univ Min Technol. 2007; 6: 717-722.

[6] Du K, Luo X, Zhou T. Influence of textural characteristics and mineral composition on the acoustic behavior under acoustic integrated uniaxial compression. Bull Eng Geol Environ. 2023; 82(9): 369.

[7] Eccles D, Sammonds PR, Clint OC. Laboratory studies of electrical potential during rock failure. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2005; 42(7/8): 933-949.

[8] Frid V, Vozoff K. Electromagnetic radiation induced by mining rock failure. Int J Coal Geol. 2005; 64(1/2): 57-65.

[9] Ganne P, Vervoort A, Wevers M. Quantification of pre-peak brittle damage: correlation between acoustic emission and observed micro-fracturing. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2007; 44(5): 720-729.

[10] He J, Dou L, Gong S, Li J, Ma Z. Rock burst assessment and prediction by dynamic and static stress analysis based on micro-seismic monitoring. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2017; 93: 46-53.

[11] He J, Dou L, Mu Z, Cao A, Gong S. Numerical simulation study on hard-thick roof inducing rock burst in coal mine. J Central South Univ. 2016; 23(9): 2314-2320.

[12] Hossain MS, Taheri H. In situ process monitoring for additive manufacturing through acoustic techniques. J Mater Eng Perform. 2020; 29(10): 6249-6262.

[13] Hou P. Evaluation method of rock brittleness based on acoustic emission and energy evolution. J Chin Univ Min Technol. 2016; 45: 702-708.

[14] Huang P, Zhang J, Spearing AJS, Chai J, Dong C. Experimental study of the creep properties of coal considering initial damage. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2021; 139: 104629.

[15] Ju Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Hu Q, Peng R. Numerical simulation of mechanisms of deformation, failure and energy dissipation in porous rock media subjected to wave stresses. Sci Chin Technol Sci. 2010; 53: 1098-1113.

[16] Li JG, Hu Q, Yu M, Li X, Hu J, Yang H. Acoustic emission monitoring technology for coal and gas outburst. Energy Sci Eng. 2019; 7(2): 443-456.

[17] Li XB. Rock Dynamics Fundamentals and Applications. Science Press; 2014.

[18] Li Z, Dou L, Cai W, et al. Investigation and analysis of the rock burst mechanism induced within fault-pillars. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2014; 70: 192-200.

[19] Liu SH, Li F, Lan H, Pan J, Du T. Experimental study of failure characteristics and mechanism of coal under coupled static and dynamic loads. Chin J Rock Mech Eng. 2013; 32: 3749-3759.

[20] Liu W. Study on the Key Technologies of Acoustic Emission Signal Processing in Forecasting Rockburst. Dissertation. China University of Mining and Technology, 2009.

[21] Liu W, Hou M, Dong S, et al. Rock burst prevention and control of multifield coupling in longwall working face. Appl Geophys. 2023; 21(1): 119-132.

[22] Liu X, Liu Z, Li X, Gong F, Du K. Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on rock acoustic emission characteristics. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci. 2020; 133: 104420.

[23] Lockner D. The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr. 1993; 30: 883-899.

[24] Lu J, Xu S, Miao C, et al. The theory of compression-shear coupled composite wave propagation in rock. Deep Undergr Sci Eng. 2022; 1(1): 77-86.

[25] Niu Y, Wang E, Li Z, et al. Identification of coal and gas outburst-hazardous zones by electric potential inversion during mining process in deep coal seam. Rock Mech Rock Eng. 2022; 55(6): 3439-3450.

[26] Obert L, Duvall W. Use of subaudible noises for the prediction of rock bursts. Technical Report Archive and Image Library; 1942.

[27] Pan W, Li Y, Zhang C, et al. Coal burst prevention technology and engineering practice in Ordos deep mining area of China. Sustainability. 2023; 15(1): 159.

[28] Peng Q. Prediction model for rockburst based on acoustic emission time series. Rock Soil Mech. 2009; 5: 1436-1440.

[29] Qi QX. Application of AE technique in monitoring ground pressure. J Chin Coal Soc. 1994; 19: 221-232.

[30] Qian Y, Jia P, Mao S, Lu J. Mechanical properties and fracture surface roughness of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting. Deep Undergr Sci Eng. 2024; 3(1): 103-116.

[31] Rabinovitch A, Frid V, Bahat D. Gutenberg-Richter-type relation for laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2002; 65: 011401.

[32] Shen F, He S, Song D, He X, Yang G, Baig O. Response characteristics of acoustic emission signal and judgment criteria for different fracture modes. Eng Fract Mech. 2024; 296: 109862.

[33] Siviour CR. A measurement of wave propagation in the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Meas Sci Technol. 2009; 20(6): 065702.

[34] Sun J, Liu D, He P, et al. Experimental investigation on acoustic emission precursor of rockburst based on unsupervised machine learning method. Rock Mech Bull. 2024; 3(2): 100099.

[35] Triantis D, Stavrakas I, Anastasiadis C, Kyriazopoulos A, Vallianatos F. An analysis of pressure stimulated currents (PSC), in marble samples under mechanical stress. Phys Chem Earth Pt A/B/C. 2006; 31(4/5/6/7/8/9): 234-239.

[36] Wang J, Xie H, Leung C, Li X. New understandings on initiation and evolution of disasters in deep underground. Deep Undergr Sci Eng. 2023; 2(3): 205-206.

[37] Wu S, Wu Z, Zhang C. Rock burst prediction probability model based on case analysis. Tunnel Undergr Space Technol. 2019; 93: 103069.

[38] Xia CJ. Experimental study of energy dissipation of porous rock under impact loading. Eng Mech. 2006; 9: 1-5.

[39] Xie H, Zhu J, Zhou T, Zhang K, Zhou C. Conceptualization and preliminary study of engineering disturbed rock dynamics. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour. 2020; 6(2): 34.

[40] Xue Y, Li Z, Song D, et al. A method to predict rockburst using temporal trend test and its application. J Rock Mechan Geotech Eng. 2024; 16(3): 909-923.

[41] Yao W, Wang E, Liu X, Zhou R. Fracture distribution in overburden strata induced by underground mining. Deep Undergr Sci Eng. 2022; 1(1): 58-64.

[42] Zhang C, Canbulat I, Hebblewhite B, Ward CR. Assessing coal burst phenomena in mining and insights into directions for future research. Int J Coal Geol. 2017; 179: 28-44.

[43] Zhang H, Wang Q, Huang J. China's policy for the marine engineering equipment industry and potential challenges: an appraisal of the new developments under the 14th five-year plans. Front Mar Sci. 2022; 9: 1014959.

[44] Zhang J, Wang M, Zhou H, et al. Coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and control technology in the large mining face of a deep outburst mine. Front Earth Sci. 2023; 17: 701-712.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). Deep Underground Science and Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of China University of Mining and Technology.