To effectively mitigate the short-term fatigue effects of driving in extra-long tunnels, this study conducted natural driving experiments in five extra-long tunnels of varying lengths and tunnel group sections. Utilizing data obtained from natural driving fatigue experiments, this study identified perclos P80, variable coefficient of pupil diameter, and acceleration as fatigue sensitivity indicators, determined through significance tests of difference and correlation analysis. This study employed an ordered multi-class Logistic model to investigate the factors that influence driving fatigue in extra-long tunnels. The most significant variable in the model was perclos P80, which served as an indicator for classifying and identifying fatigue levels in extra-long tunnels. Following this, a dimensionless quantitative metric, the Fatigue Driving Degree, was formulated, and the Threshold of Driving Fatigue was established. Using the quantitative framework for driving fatigue, this paper standardized the definition of the fatigue arousal zone in extra-long tunnels. The study analyzed the operational principles and validated the key parameters of the fatigue arousal zone in extra-long tunnels. These parameters encompass the placement location, length, form, and traffic induction design of the fatigue arousal zone. The research findings can serve as a theoretical reference for the development of fatigue arousal technology in extra-long highway tunnels in China.
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