Expert consensus on the clinical application of artificial intelligence in the design of fixed dental restorations

Yue Feng; Junting Gu; Xinquan Jiang; Haiyang Yu; Yongsheng Zhou; Qingsong Jiang; Yan Wang; Hongbing Liao; Jiefei Shen; Chun Xu; Yi Zhou; Hao Yu; Kai Jiao; Hongbo Li; Ming Fang; Ling Zhang; Yan Dong; Jing Li; Francesco Guido Mangano; Jimmy Londono; Franklin R Tay; Fu Wang; Jihua Chen; Lina Niu

doi:10.1016/j.dtrs.2026.100041

Dental Research ›› 2026, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (3) :100041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dtrs.2026.100041

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Expert consensus on the clinical application of artificial intelligence in the design of fixed dental restorations

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^a National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China

^b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University , Shanghai, China

^c State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China

^d National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing, China

^e Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China

^f Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

^g Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China

^h State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China

ⁱ Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China

^j Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China

^k Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China

^l National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China

^m Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China

ⁿ Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sechenov First State Medical University , Moscow, Russian Federation

^o Department of Restorative Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA

^p The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA

^q Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China

^r College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China

^s National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases , Shanghai, China

^t Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai, China

^u Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China

^v Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China

^wHonorary Professor in Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China

^* E-mail addresses: 13120521535@163.com (Y. Feng), 15094031504@163.com (J. Gu), xinquanjiang@aliyun.com (X. Jiang), yhyang6812@qq.com (H. Yu), kqzhouysh@hsc.pku.edu.cn (Y. Zhou), qsjiang@ccmu.edu.cn (Q. Jiang), wangyan9@mail.sysu.edu.cn (Y. Wang), hongbing_liao@gxmu.edu.cn (H. Liao), shenjiefei@scu.edu.cn (J. Shen), imxuchun@sjtu.edu.cn (C. Xu), dryizhou@whu.edu.cn (Y. Zhou), haoyu-cn@hotmail.com (H. Yu), kjiao1@163.com (K. Jiao), lihongbo@301hospital.com.cn (H. Li), fmfmyouyou@qq.com (M. Fang), lzhang.dent@foxmail.com (L. Zhang), dongyanfmmu@qq.com (Y. Dong), 769266996@qq.com (J. Li), francescoguidomangano@gmail.com (F.G. Mangano), jlondono@augusta.edu (J. Londono), ftay@augusta.edu (F.R. Tay), wangfu99@fmmu.edu.cn (F. Wang), jhchen@fmmu.edu.cn (J. Chen), niulina831013@126.com (L. Niu).

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Abstract

Prosthodontics is rapidly entering the digital era, with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) soon becoming the mainstream method for fixed restoration design. Recent advances in image recognition, data analytics, and decision systems are accelerating the use of artificial intelligence (AI), shifting workflows from simple automation to adaptive, learning-based design. Nevertheless, clear clinical guidance remains limited. This expert consensus sets out core principles, technology categories, and priority use cases for AI in fixed restorations, and proposes Standardized Operating Procedures that span from preoperative planning, digital impression processing, tooth preparation evaluation, to functional design and personalized esthetic design. It also defines quality control checkpoints and ethical safeguards that highlight the central role of the clinician in reviewing and validating AI outputs. Recommendations are provided for data governance, including security, privacy, and auditability. Finally, the document outlines near-term development needs such as interoperable data standards, transparent model reporting, and clinically oriented validation metrics. The goal is to support standardized, safe, and effective clinical adoption of AI in fixed dental restorations.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence / Fixed prosthodontics / Computer-aided design (CAD)

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Yue Feng, Junting Gu, Xinquan Jiang, Haiyang Yu, Yongsheng Zhou, Qingsong Jiang, Yan Wang, Hongbing Liao, Jiefei Shen, Chun Xu, Yi Zhou, Hao Yu, Kai Jiao, Hongbo Li, Ming Fang, Ling Zhang, Yan Dong, Jing Li, Francesco Guido Mangano, Jimmy Londono, Franklin R Tay, Fu Wang, Jihua Chen, Lina Niu. Expert consensus on the clinical application of artificial intelligence in the design of fixed dental restorations. Dental Research, 2026, 1 (3) : 100041 DOI:10.1016/j.dtrs.2026.100041

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