Anterior disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint and orthodontic treatment

Abstract

Anterior disc displacement (ADD) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is highly prevalent and difficult to treat. It significantly affects craniofacial structures and functions, as well as orthodontic outcomes. It is a common and potentially detrimental comorbid condition in orthodontic treatment. There is a complex bidirectional relationship between orthodontic treatment and ADD, and this has led to clinical interest in the interplay between these entities and the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, we performed this review to provide clinicians with an evidence-based framework for identifying potential risks and for formulating individualized orthodontic plans for patients with TMJ disorders. To achieve this aim, we synthesized current evidence on the development of the TMJ and mandible, their biomechanical coupling, and the orthodontic treatments used to improve the disc-condyle relationship, as well as their attendant risks. We also systematically analyzed factors that influence treatment efficacy and available interventions.

Keywords

Temporomandibular joint disc displacement / Orthodontic treatment / Disc-condyle relationship / Treatment strategies / Research progress

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