FSCM constellation mapping fusion for HF fading channels✩

Jie Wang; Guojun Li; Zheming Zhang; Yun Lin

doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.12.001

›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5) :802 -812. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.12.001

research-article

FSCM constellation mapping fusion for HF fading channels^✩

Jie Wang ^a^,^b
, Guojun Li ^b^,^c^,^*
, Zheming Zhang ^a^,^b
, Yun Lin ^d

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^a School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 400065, Chongqing, China

^b Lab of BLOS Reliable Information Transmission, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 400065, Chongqing, China

^c School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 400065, Chongqing, China

^d School of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University , 150001, Harbin, China

^* E-mail addresses: d230101027@stu.cqupt.edu.cn (J. Wang),

ligj@cqupt.edu.cn (G. Li),

d240101041@stu.cqupt.edu.cn (Z. Zhang),

linyun@hrbeu.edu.cn (Y. Lin).

Jie Wang received the BS, and MS degrees from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in 2017 and 2020, respectively. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in information and communication engineering with Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interests include signal processing and information fusion for beyond line of sight wireless communications.

Guojun Li received the MS, and PhD degrees from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications and Chongqing University in 2009 and 2012, respectively. He is now director of the Lab of BLOS reliable information transmission from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research efforts have been associated with beyond line of sight wireless communications and networks.

Zheming Zhang received the BS and MS degrees from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2021 and 2024, respectively. He is currently pursuing a PhD degree in School of Communications and Information Engineering from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interests include diversity reception and fusion in shortwave communication.

Yun Lin received the BS degree from Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China, in 2003, the MS degree from the Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2005, and the PhD degree from Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China, in 2010. He was a research scholar with Wright State University, USA, from 2014 to 2015. Now, he is currently a full professor in the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, China. His current research interests include machine learning and data analytics over wireless networks, signal processing and analysis, cognitive radio and software defined radio, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. He had published more than 200 international peer-reviewed journal/conference papers, such as the IEEE TSP, TITS, TCOM, IoT, TVT, TCCN, INFOCOM, GLOBECOM, ICC. He is serving as an Editors-in-Chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications, editors for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY, IEEE Internet of Things, Digital Communications and Networks, Wireless Network. He serves as GC2022 co-chair of Mobile and Wireless Networking Symposium, General Vice Chair of VTC-2021 Fall, General Chair of ADHIP 2023 and Mobimedia 2022,and TPC member of GLOBECOM, ICC, VTC, ICCC. He has gotten the best paper of ICCC 2023, ICCT2023, Mobimedia 2022, ADHIP 2021, CSPS 2018. He is a recipient of IEEE Outstanding service award of Trustcom 2021, IEEE Outstanding Track Chair Award of MASS 2021. He has been selected as IET Fellow in 2024.

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Abstract

To resolve the problems of unreliable transmission and low communication capacity caused by the time-frequency domain dual-selective fading of High Frequency (HF) channels, a constellation mapping fusion technology for HF Frequency Shift Chirp Modulation (FSCM) is proposed. On one hand, the FSCM technology is employed to compensate for the fast fading introduced by frequency domain expansion, and the spreading factor is used to adjust the transmission rate. On the other hand, based on the FSCM matching, by constructing a two-dimensional constellation mapping, the soft information and symbol weights of multipaths are extracted, thereby realizing single-channel RAKE fusion and multi-channel diversity fusion with symbol-by-symbol weighting. This effectively improves transmission reliability in HF dual-selective channels where the main and secondary paths switch. In typical HF scenarios defined by ITU-R F.1487, simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional hard demodulation algorithms, the proposed soft information fusion algorithm can still ensure reliable transmission under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, even with high multipath separation degrees. Moreover, through 24-h field tests, the practical applicability of the proposed algorithm is further verified.

Keywords

High frequency / Frequency shift chirp modulation / Soft information of constellation mapping / Symbol-by-symbol weighted fusion

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Jie Wang, Guojun Li, Zheming Zhang, Yun Lin. FSCM constellation mapping fusion for HF fading channels^✩. , 2026, 12 (5) : 802-812 DOI:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.12.001

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CRediT authorship contribution statement

Jie Wang: Writing – original draft, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization; Guojun Li: Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization; Zheming Zhang: Writing – review & editing, Data curation; Yun Lin: Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Yun Lin is an editorial board member/editor/editor-in-chief for Digital Communications and Networks and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U22A2006, the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation under Grant CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0082, and the Innovative Talent Project for Doctoral Students of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grant BYJS202415.

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