Open-set blind recognition of non-binary LDPC codes✩

Ming Jiang; Dongrui Huan; Shiqiu Liu; Junhui Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.10.004

›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5) :836 -844. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.10.004

Research Article

research-article

Open-set blind recognition of non-binary LDPC codes^✩

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^a National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China

^b Purple Mountain Laboratories , Nanjing 211111, China

^c Peng Cheng Laboratory , Shenzhen 518000, China

^d School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China

^* E-mail addresses: jiang_ming@seu.edu.cn (M. Jiang),

drhuan@seu.edu.cn (D. Huan),

l.sh.qiu@gmail.com (S. Liu),

junhuizhao@hotmail.com (J. Zhao).

Ming Jiang received the B.Sc., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in communication and information engineering from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1998, 2003, and 2007, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor with the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University. His research interests include coding and modulation technology.

Dongrui Huan received the M.S. degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2024. From 2021 to 2024, he was a master’s degree candidate with the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University. His research interests include channel coding and artificial intelligence-assisted communication.

Shiqiu Liu received the Ph.D. degree from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2016. From 2016 to 2018, she was a Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Institute of Network Coding, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. From 2018 to 2021, she was an Associate Research Fellow with the School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University. She is now an Assistant Researcher with the Peng Cheng Laboratory. Her research interests include coding for distributed storage systems and algebraic coding theory.

Junhui Zhao received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. From 1998 to 1999, he worked with the Nanjing Institute of Engineers at ZTE Corporation. Then, he worked as an Assistant Professor in 2004 at the Faculty of Information Technology, Macao University of Science and Technology, and continued there till 2007 as an Associate Professor. In 2008, he joined Beijing Jiaotong University as an Associate Professor, where he is currently a Professor at the School of Electronics and Information Engineering. His current research interests include wireless and mobile communications and the related applications, which contain 5G/6G mobile communication technology, high-speed railway communications, vehicle communication networks, and wireless localization.

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Abstract

Blind encoder recognition methods have drawn much research interest in recent years, as they can play an important role in non-cooperative scenarios. This paper proposes an open-set blind recognition method for non-binary Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes with high performance. We derive the principle of obtaining a non-binary Parity-Check Matrix (PCM) from the received signal and further apply the Gauss-Jordan Column Elimination (GJCE) over GF( q). An iterative process involving GJCE, LDPC decoding, and PCM sparsification is applied in our proposed method. The proposed symbol-level blind recognition is shown to perform much better than the bit-level one. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can completely reconstruct the PCMs at a bit error rate of 0.4% for the moderate-length non-binary LDPC codes.

Keywords

Blind recognition / Symbol-level / Open-set / Non-binary LDPC codes

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Ming Jiang, Dongrui Huan, Shiqiu Liu, Junhui Zhao. Open-set blind recognition of non-binary LDPC codes^✩. , 2026, 12 (5) : 836-844 DOI:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.10.004

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CRediT authorship contribution statement

Ming Jiang: Writing -- review & editing, Writing -- original draft, Validation, Supervision, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. Dongrui Huan: Visualization, Validation, Software, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Shiqiu Liu: Writing – review & editing, Writing -- original draft, Validation, Funding acquisition. Junhui Zhao: Writing -- review & editing, Writing -- original draft, Validation.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Research Grant 62331002.

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