A survey of Internet of medical things: technology, application and future directions✩

Peng He; Dingying Huang; Dapeng Wu; Haiyang He; Yinlai Wei; Yaping Cui; Ruyan Wang; Lei Peng

doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2024.11.013

›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5) :717 -742. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2024.11.013

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research-article

A survey of Internet of medical things: technology, application and future directions^✩

Peng He ^a^,^b^,^c
, Dingying Huang ^a^,^b^,^c
, Dapeng Wu ^a^,^b^,^c^,^*
, Haiyang He ^a^,^b^,^c
, Yinlai Wei ^a^,^b^,^c
, Yaping Cui ^a^,^b^,^c
, Ruyan Wang ^a^,^b^,^c
, Lei Peng ^d

Author information +

^a School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Chongqing, 400065, China

^b Advanced Network and Intelligent Connection Technology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China , Chongqing, 400065, China

^c Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking , Chongqing, 400065, China

^d Medical clinical laboratory, People’s Hospital of Shapingba District , Chongqing, 400033, China

^* School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China. E-mail addresses: hepeng@cqupt.edu.cn (P. He),

s220132059@stu.cqupt.edu.cn (D. Huang),

wudp@cqupt.edu.cn (D. Wu),

s220132047@stu.cqupt.edu.cn (H. He),

s220101160@stu.cqupt.edu.cn (Y. Wei),

cuiyp@cqupt.edu.cn (Y. Cui),

wangry@cqupt.edu.cn (R. Wang),

plei0908@163.com (L. Peng).

Peng He received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) in 2018. He is currently an Associate Professor with Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT). His research interests include next-generation communication network technologies and interdisciplinary communications. He has published more than 40 academic papers in international and domestic journals and conferences.

Huang Dingying received the M.Eng. degree in electronic information from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China, in 2025. Her research interests are the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and explainable artificial intelligence in IoMT.

Dapeng Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) in 2009. He is currently a Professor with the School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT). He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Senior Member of the China Institute of Communications (CIC). His main research interests include ubiquitous wireless networks and Quality of Service (QoS) management in wireless networks.

Haiyang He received the M.Eng. degree in electronic information from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China, in 2025. His research interests are the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and lightweight deep learning model in IoMT.

Yinlai Wei received the M.Eng. degree in information and communication engineering from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications in June 2025. His research focuses on privacy preserving machine learning and information security in the Internet of Medical Things.

Yaping Cui received the Ph.D. degree in traffic information engineering and control from Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU) in 2017. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT). His main research interests include machine learning and intelligent communications in vehicular networks.

Ruyan Wang received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) in 2007. He is currently a Professor with the School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT). His main research interests focus on network performance analysis and multimedia information processing.

Lei Peng received the M.Med. degree in Immunology from Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, in 2021. Her research interests are immunotherapy and exploration of molecular biology techniques. She is currently engaged in clinical laboratory diagnosis.

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Abstract

As the healthcare industry continues to embrace digital transformation, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) emerges as a key technology. IoMT plays a critical role in revolutionizing healthcare delivery by enabling remote patient monitoring, personalized treatments, and efficient healthcare management. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of IoMT, elucidating its concepts and architectural framework. It explores its diverse applications and the challenges associated with its adoption. Additionally, it investigates key methods in lightweight, explainable artificial intelligence, discusses their applications in healthcare services, and outlines relevant evaluation metrics. Furthermore, it examines data security and privacy concerns in healthcare, presenting relevant methodologies. Finally, this review provides insights into the future of IoMT, considering existing challenges and opportunities for advancement.

Keywords

Internet of medical things / Healthcare / Lightweight artificial intelligence / Explainable artificial intelligence / Data security

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Peng He, Dingying Huang, Dapeng Wu, Haiyang He, Yinlai Wei, Yaping Cui, Ruyan Wang, Lei Peng. A survey of Internet of medical things: technology, application and future directions^✩. , 2026, 12 (5) : 717-742 DOI:10.1016/j.dcan.2024.11.013

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CRediT authorship contribution statement

Peng He: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Formal analysis. Dingying Huang: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft. Dapeng Wu: Writing – review & editing. Haiyang He: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft. Yinlai Wei: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft. Yaping Cui: Writing – review & editing. Ruyan Wang: Writing – review & editing. Lei Peng: Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271096, U20A20157, 61801065, 61871062, 62061007), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (CSTB-2023NSCQ-LZX0134, CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0124, CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0468, cstc2020jcyjzdxmX0024), Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202000603, KJQN202300621), University Innovation Research Group of Chongqing (CXQT20017), Youth Innovation Group Support Program of ICE Discipline of CQUPT (SCIE-QN-2022-04).

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