Evaluating UAS Integration into Geoinformatics: An Operational, Regulatory and Policy Analysis in Greek Geoinformatics Service Providers

Abstract

The rapid evolution of geoinformatics technologies, particularly through the adoption of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), has brought significant changes to the collection, processing, and analysis of spatial data. UAS are increasingly integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and spatial analysis, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in applications such as precision agriculture and infrastructure management. However, limited empirical research has examined the consequences of their integration for operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and related management practices in the Greek context. This study evaluates how UAS integration into the operations of Greek geoinformatics firms enhances efficiency and supports compliance with Greek and European regulatory frameworks. A qualitative multi-case study methodology is employed across five Greek geoinformatics service providers, and data are collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Findings indicate that UAS integration improves the quality of spatial data, reduces data collection costs, and facilitates regulatory compliance of these firms. Finally, the study highlights the emergence of optimal operational management policies of UAS including standardized end-to-end workflows, clear role allocation and compliance responsibilities, systematic QA/QC procedures, proactive regulatory monitoring (PDRA/SORA readiness), which strengthen and promote innovative geoinformatics technologies.

Keywords

UAS / GIS / Service providers / Efficiency / Regulatory compliance / Spatial data

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.T. and D.P.; Methodology, A.T.; Software, A.T. and D.P.; Validation, A.T. and D.P.; Formal Analysis, A.T. and D.P.; Investigation, A.T.; Resources, A.T. and D.P.; Data Curation, A.T. and D.P.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, A.T.; Writing—Review & Editing, A.T. and D.P.; Visualization, A.T. and D.P.; Supervision, D.P.; Project Administration, D.P.

Ethics Statement

Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, as the research did not involve clinical interventions, experiments, or sensitive personal data. The study was based on expert interviews conducted on a voluntary basis with informed consent, focusing exclusively on professional experience and regulatory perspectives. All participants were anonymized, and no identifiable personal data were collected.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are not publicly available due to ethical and confidentiality considerations related to the use of expert interviews. Data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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