High-Efficiency Wireless Charging System for UAVs Based on PT-Symmetric Principle

Abstract

To address the limited endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the efficiency degradation and instability in traditional wireless charging systems, this study proposes a high-efficiency UAV wireless charging system based on the parity-time (PT) symmetric principle. A non-Hermitian coupled resonator model is established, incorporating a dynamic gain-loss balancing mechanism and real-time parameter feedback control to adaptively compensate for coupling coefficient fluctuations caused by UAV positional deviations, thereby maintaining PT-symmetric phase stability. The receiver coil adopts a planar air-core spiral structure and is integrated beneath the UAV landing gear to minimize interference with aircraft operations. Experimental results show a transmission efficiency of 90.2% at 65 W output power, with both power and efficiency remaining stable in the strong coupling region. The system demonstrates strong robustness against horizontal misalignment and eliminates the need for complex relay structures or high-precision alignment. This work not only provides a theoretical foundation for the application of PT-symmetry in wireless power transfer but also offers a novel technical pathway for enhancing UAV endurance.

Keywords

Unmanned aerial vehicle / Wireless power transfer / Parity-time symmetry / High-efficiency charging

Author Contributions

The contributions of the authors are as follows; Conceptualisation, Y.L.; Methodology, Y.L. and B.Z.; Investigation, Y.L.; Resources, B.Z. and Y.Z.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, Y.L.; Writing—Review & Editing, Y.L., B.Z. and Y.Z.; Supervision, B.Z and Y.Z.; Project Administration, Y.Z. and B.Z.

Ethics Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

This study does not involve the use of previously published or publicly accessible datasets.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Statement of the Use of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process

During the preparation of this work, the authors used Deepseek to improve readability and language. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

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