Utilization of High Intensity Statins in Patients Hospitalized for Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

High intensity statin (HIS) therapy decreases LDL cholesterol and risk of recurrent cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Recognizing the therapeutic significance of HIS, the ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guidelines have recommended HIS for all patients following acute MI since 2013.The authors sought to define factors that result in continued underutilization and limited adherence to HIS among individuals post MI. This is a retrospective observational analysis of patients who had a diagnosis of MI between 2013 and 2018 at a single, large academic medical center. There was a significant increase in HIS prescriptions upon discharge after MI following, versus prior to 2013. Within the first year of guideline change (2013-2014), only 35.3% of patients with MI were discharged on a HIS compared to 80.1% in 2018. There was no significant difference between race or gender regarding HIS utilization. However, older age predicted a lower likelihood of being appropriately discharged on HIS. The use of statin therapy prior to hospitalization decreased the probability of being appropriately up titrated to HIS on discharge. Strikingly, HIS use was associated with a reduction in the 30-day readmission rate (4.7% versus 6.8%). Increased age was associated with lower rates of HIS use, which could stem from prior statin exposure uncovering titrational statin intolerance prior to the index event, a process that would be much less likely in younger patients, who tend to be statin naive. Although HIS have historically been underutilized in Blacks, this was not observed in the current study. Individuals discharged on HIS had lower readmission rates; while confounding factors separate from a pure treatment effect of HIS attenuating readmission rate may be represented, this remains a key finding underscoring the benefits of statin therapy in lowering societal burden of cardiovascular disease and associated costs.

Keywords

High intensity statins / Healthcare disparity / Cholesterol treatment guidelines / Statin therapy

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Methodology, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Software, H.N.N.; Validation, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Formal Analysis, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Investigation, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Resources, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Data Curation, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Writing-Original Draft Preparation, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Writing-Review & Editing, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Visualization, A.F.A.-B., H.N.N. and M.W.M.; Supervision, M.W.M.; Project Administration, M.W.M; Funding Acquisition, A.F.A.-B. and M.W.M.

Ethics Statement

All procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and have been approved by the appropriate institutional committees. IRB approval Reference number 00006378 Date 1/2021.

Informed Consent Statement

Patient consent was waived by institutional IRB as the determined risk level was minimal risk to study participants.

Funding

This work was supported by The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (Grant Number RUL1TR02733, 2021).

Declaration of Competing Interest

The senior author (MWM) reports receiving institutional research support from Amgen, Inc., and Novartis Pharmaceuticals.

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