Background: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic, nutrient-sensitive post-translational modification frequently upregulated in cancers. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent recycling pathway, plays a context-dependent dual role in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. Emerging evidence reveals intricate crosstalk between these two processes, positioning the O-GlcNAcylation-autophagy axis as a critical regulator of cancer cell adaptation.
Main Topics: This review systematically delineates the multidimensional mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation regulates distinct stages of autophagy initiation, maturation, and fusion across various cancer types. We detail how O-GlcNAcylation targets core autophagy machinery, including the ULK1 complex, LC3 lipidation system, and SNARE fusion proteins, and modulates key signaling hubs like mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, we integrate this molecular regulation with the stage-specific pro-tumor or tumor-suppressive functions of autophagy, highlighting how O-GlcNAcylation remodels autophagic flux to promote metabolic reprogramming, stress survival, and therapeutic resistance.
Conclusions: The O-GlcNAcylation-autophagy axis represents a promising therapeutic target. Combining small-molecule inhibitors of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes (OGT/OGA) with autophagy modulators offers a novel strategy to overcome tumor drug resistance. Future research must address the heterogeneity of this regulatory network across cancer types and developmental stages to advance precision oncology interventions.
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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
2026 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.
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