Lower respiratory tract microbiome dysbiosis impairs clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract

	•Alterations of the lower respiratory tract microbiome indicate different clinical responses to ICB within advanced NSCLC.
	•Reduced microbial diversity of lower respiratory tracts impairs anti-tumoral performances.
	•Microbe-derived metabolites perform as a dominant regulator to remodify the microecological environment in lower respiratory tracts.
	•Multi-omics sequencings of the lower respiratory tract possess the potential to predict the long-term clinical responses to ICB among advanced NSCLC.

Keywords

advanced non-small-cell lung cancer / clinical outcomes / immune checkpoint blockade therapy / lower respiratory tract microbiome / multi-omics analysis

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2025 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.