Circulating immune cell landscape and T-cell abnormalities in patients with moyamoya disease

Peicong Ge; Chuming Tao; Wenjing Wang; Qiheng He; Chenglong Liu; Zhiyao Zheng; Siqi Mou; Bojian Zhang; Xingju Liu; Qian Zhang; Rong Wang; Hao Li; Dong Zhang; Jizong Zhao

doi:10.1002/ctm2.1647

Clinical and Translational Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4) : e1647 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1647

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Circulating immune cell landscape and T-cell abnormalities in patients with moyamoya disease

Peicong Ge ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Chuming Tao ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Wenjing Wang ⁶
, Qiheng He ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Chenglong Liu ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Zhiyao Zheng ¹
, Siqi Mou ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Bojian Zhang ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Xingju Liu ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Qian Zhang ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Rong Wang ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵
, Hao Li ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^†
, Dong Zhang ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁷^,^†
, Jizong Zhao ¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^†

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Abstract

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) stands as a prominent cause of stroke among children and adolescents in East Asian populations. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune responses might contribute to the development of MMD, a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the alterations in circulating immune cells associated with MMD remains elusive.

Methods: In this study, we employed a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing techniques to compare immune cell profiles in peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with MMD and age-matched healthy controls.

Results: Our investigation unveiled immune dysfunction in MMD patients, primarily characterized by perturbations in T-cell (TC) subpopulations, including a reduction in effector TCs and an increase in regulatory TCs (Tregs). Additionally, we observed diminished natural killer cells and dendritic cells alongside heightened B cells and monocytes in MMD patients. Notably, within the MMD group, there was an augmented proportion of fragile Tregs, whereas the stable Treg fraction decreased. MMD was also linked to heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated expression levels of HLA-DR and p-STAT3.

Conclusions: Our findings offer a comprehensive view of the circulating immune cell landscape in MMD patients. Immune dysregulation in patients with MMD was characterized by alterations in T-cell populations, including a decrease in effector T-cells and an increase in regulatory T-cells (Tregs), suggest a potential role for disrupted circulating immunity in the aetiology of MMD.

Keywords

immune dysfunction / landscape / moyamoya disease / T-cell abnormalities

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Peicong Ge,Chuming Tao,Wenjing Wang,Qiheng He,Chenglong Liu,Zhiyao Zheng,Siqi Mou,Bojian Zhang,Xingju Liu,Qian Zhang,Rong Wang,Hao Li,Dong Zhang,Jizong Zhao. Circulating immune cell landscape and T-cell abnormalities in patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 2024, 14(4): e1647 DOI:10.1002/ctm2.1647

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2024 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.