The role of tertiary lymphoid structures in renal cell carcinoma: From predictive biomarker to therapeutic target

References

[1] Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J, et al. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature. 2020; 577(7791): 549-555.

[2] Jiang B, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Yang X. Associations between tertiary lymphoid structure density and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1414884.

[3] Meylan M, Petitprez F, Becht E, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures generate and propagate anti-tumor antibody-producing plasma cells in renal cell cancer. Immunity. 2022; 55(3): 527-541.e5.

[4] Jammihal T, Saliby RM, Labaki C, et al. Immunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma. Nat Cancer. 2025; 6(2): 372-384.

[5] Xu W, Lu J, Tian X, et al. Unveiling the impact of tertiary lymphoid structures on immunotherapeutic responses of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. MedComm. 2024; 5(1):e461.

[6] Hugaboom MB, Wirth LV, Street K, et al. Presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and exhausted tissue-resident T cells determines clinical response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2025; 15(5): 948-968.

[7] Masuda T, Tanaka N, Takamatsu K, et al. Unique characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in kidney clear cell carcinoma: prognostic outcome and comparison with bladder cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2022; 10(3):e003883.

[8] Carril-Ajuria L, Desnoyer A, Meylan M, et al. Baseline circulating unswitched memory B cells and B-cell related soluble factors are associated with overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab within the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study. J Immunother Cancer. 2022; 10(5):e004885.

[9] Ke H, Li P, Li Z, et al. Immune profiling of the macroenvironment in colorectal cancer unveils systemic dysfunction and plasticity of immune cells. Clin Transl Med. 2025; 15(2):e70175.

[10] Salgia NJ, Khan A, Aubrecht WM, et al. Comprehensive tumor-immune profiling reveals mediators of paradoxical immune sensitivity in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2025.

[11] Wang X, Li X, Zhao J, et al. Rapid generation of hPSC-derived high endothelial venule organoids with in vivo ectopic lymphoid tissue capabilities. Adv Mater. 2024; 36(15):2308760.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Discovery published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.