Energy-efficient anodic reactions for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis

Abstract

Overall water splitting is considered as an effective technique for hydrogen (H₂) production; however, it usually requires large operating voltage mainly due to the high equilibrium potential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Replacing OER with energy-saving anode reactions not only reduces the operating voltage for H₂ production but also generates high-value-added chemicals or purifies wastewater. This review article provides an overview of the fundamental reaction principles of overall water splitting and typical energy-saving alternative anode reactions, including methanol oxidation, hydrazine oxidation, and urea oxidation reactions. Then, the preparation methods, regulation strategies, and composition/structure-performance relations of advanced catalysts for these energy-efficient H₂ generation technologies are discussed. Finally, we propose the underlying challenges and perspectives for this promising field.

Keywords

Water electrolysis / hydrogen / oxygen evolution reaction / anodic reactions / energy-efficient

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