Drop-Activation: Implicit Parameter Reduction and Harmonious Regularization

Abstract

Overfitting frequently occurs in deep learning. In this paper, we propose a novel regularization method called drop-activation to reduce overfitting and improve generalization. The key idea is to drop nonlinear activation functions by setting them to be identity functions randomly during training time. During testing, we use a deterministic network with a new activation function to encode the average effect of dropping activations randomly. Our theoretical analyses support the regularization effect of drop-activation as implicit parameter reduction and verify its capability to be used together with batch normalization (Ioffe and Szegedy in Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift. arXiv:1502.03167, 2015). The experimental results on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, SVHN, EMNIST, and ImageNet show that drop-activation generally improves the performance of popular neural network architectures for the image classification task. Furthermore, as a regularizer drop-activation can be used in harmony with standard training and regularization techniques such as batch normalization and AutoAugment (Cubuk et al. in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 113–123, 2019). The code is available at https://github.com/LeungSamWai/Drop-Activation.

Funding

Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences(1945029)