Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent photovoltaic performance for next-generation photovoltaics on account of their excellent optoelectrical properties, for example, high defect tolerance, strong absorption coefficient, easy processability, and low cost. Although the performance of small-area PSCs has achieved over 27% certified efficiency, approaching that of silicon solar cells, large-scale modules often come with serious issues in device performance and stability reduction. To address these challenges, significant investigations have been made in the development of scale-up fabrication techniques to enhance large-area film uniformity and crystalline properties. In this review, the progress on stabilizing the perovskite structure, optimizing device structure, and encapsulation is discussed to give a deep understanding of film decomposition and device degradation mechanisms. Besides, this review provides an overview of strategies aiming at the delicate fabrication of large-area perovskite films and relevant PSCs and modules while simultaneously improving their stability. The comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of large-area perovskite film deposition and device degradation paves the way for future commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

Keywords

perovskite solar cells / scalable fabrication / film quality / encapsulation / stability

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