Recent Advances and Design Strategies of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Materials for High Current Density Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Abstract

Alkaline water electrolysis systems have emerged as a highly promising technology for hydrogen production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated significant potential as electrodes due to their tunable pore structures, high-density active sites, and atomic-level design precision, offering enhanced catalytic activity and long-term stability under high current density conditions (> 500 mA cm⁻²). This review provides a systematic summary of recent advances in MOF-based materials for high-current-density alkaline water electrolysis. First, the key challenges posed by high current densities, such as mass transport limitations, bubble blockage, and structural deactivation, are discussed. Next, innovative material design strategies are introduced, focusing on critical aspects like tailoring metal active centers, functionalizing organic linkers to optimize the electronic structure, employing dimensional engineering (2D/3D hierarchical porous architectures) to enhance mass transfer, and introducing defect/interface engineering to improve activity and stability. The subsequence section evaluates the performance breakthroughs of MOFs and their derivatives under industrially relevant current densities (≥ 1 A cm⁻²). Finally, future research directions are highlighted, including enhancing intrinsic conductivity, unraveling dynamic catalytic mechanisms under operating conditions, and developing scalable electrode fabrication methods.

Keywords

alkaline water electrolysis / high current density / hydrogen evolution reaction / metal organic framework / oxygen evolution reaction

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