Rational Design of Platinum-Based Confined Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract

The establishment of a future renewable energy supply and a cleaner earth is largely related to various crucial catalytic reactions in society. Fuel cells have attracted tremendous research interest and are considered as the next-generation promising energy conversion devices due to their advantages, such as zero emission, high energy-conversion efficiency, and so forth. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction activity and insufficient durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts have become major challenges in restricting the commercial application of fuel cells. In this review, key challenges to be addressed for the practical applications of Pt-based electrocatalysts are first summarized. Then, the concept of possible oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, catalytic mechanisms, and the crucial role of confinement effect for Pt-based confined electrocatalysts (PCECs) are further discussed, and the emphasis is devoted to the rational design of efficient PCECs. Finally, a discussion of future development directions with great potential to become new hotspots is also presented for the design of high-efficiency PCECs. This review aims to provide a deeper insight into catalytic mechanisms and valuable design principles to the development of advanced catalysts for the future sustainable energy system.

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