Electrocatalytic Selenium Hosts Toward High-Voltage Nonaqueous Zinc-Selenium Batteries

Abstract

The narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW), gaseous by-products, and interfacial issues in aqueous electrolytes have long hindered the advancement of Zn-ion batteries. Herein, we report the first application of a zinc trifluoromethylsulfonate/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate (Zn(TfO)₂/[EMIm]TfO) ionic liquid electrolyte with wide ESW exceeding 3 V in nonaqueous zinc-selenium (Zn-Se) batteries. To further enhance the reaction kinetics, the Co single atoms anchored onto N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (Co-N/C) with Co-N₄ sites is designed as a Se host (Se@Co-N/C). Significantly, the Se@Co-N/C composite demonstrates an improved electrochemical performance, delivering a high discharge voltage of 1.5 V and a capacity of 410.6 mAh g⁻¹. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal that the Co-N₄ structure in the Co-N/C host acts as dual-function catalytic sites, lowering the energy barrier for both Zn(TfO)₄²⁻ dissociation and Se(TfO)₄ formation, thereby accelerating the conversion kinetics. This finding provides novel insights into designing stable Zn-Se batteries in nonaqueous ionic liquid electrolytes.

Keywords

Co-N₄ / electrocatalytic selenium hosts / ionic liquid / reaction kinetics / zinc-selenium batteries

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). Carbon Neutralization published by Wenzhou University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.