Mitochondrial homeostasis: shaping health and disease

Abstract

Mitochondria serve as the primary site for metabolizing the three major nutrients, underscoring their pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism and the regulation of signaling pathways. Mitochondrial homeostatic imbalance is a key pathological cause of the development of many diseases. Hence, preserving mitochondrial homeostasis is vital for the normal growth and development of cells and organisms. Living organisms have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms to ensure cellular mitochondrial homeostasis. This review focuses on recent advancements in comprehending the mechanisms responsible for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and addresses the current challenges in this field. We also provide an overview of the key functions of mitochondria in both physiological and pathological conditions. Emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications, we discuss strategies for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis, recognizing its significance in mitigating various health conditions.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China,(82030031)

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit,(2019-12M-5-031)

Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission,(Z181100001718208)

Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,(119207020201)

Beijing Municipality Government Grants,(Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health-PXM2021_014226_000041)

Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University,(CXTD202201)

Young Scientist Program of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University,(YSP202308)