Recent progress in two-dimensional graphdiyne: Synthesis, characterization, and applications

Abstract

Graphdiyne (GDY) is a novel carbon allotrope that has attracted significant attention owing to its unique structural and electronic properties. Comprising sp²- and sp-hybridized carbon atoms, GDY forms a two-dimensional structure via conjugated −C≡C−C≡C− linkages. These linkages result in a highly π-conjugated system with a natural bandgap that distinguishes GDY from other carbon materials such as graphene. This review systematically provides an overview of GDY, with a focus on its intrinsic properties and synthesis strategies, techniques to characterize its structure, and recent advanced applications. First, we summarize several GDY synthesis strategies, providing a detailed discussion of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach. Subsequently, several practical and precise techniques, including solid nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction, to characterize the GDY structure are discussed. Next, we elucidate the unique structural and electronic properties of GDY using both theoretical frameworks and experimental methodologies. Finally, we comprehensively discuss the recent applications of GDY in various fields, including biomedicine, electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, and catalysis.

Keywords

Graphdiyne / 2D material / Direct bandgap / High mobility / Practical applications

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Dinh Phuc Do: Writing - review & editing, Writing - original draft, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Eunji Lee: Writing - review & editing, Writing - original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Conceptualization. Viet Q. Bui: Writing - review & editing. Hyoyoung Lee: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Data curation, Conceptualization.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A2C2093415), and partially supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education (2022R1A6C101A751).

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