A first look at the formation of PEO-PDA coatings on 3D titanium

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized implantology by enabling the fabrication of customized, highly porous implants. Surface modifications using electrochemical methods can significantly enhance the bioactivity and biocompatibility of biomaterials, including 3D-printed implants. This study investigates novel coatings on 3D titanium (Ti) samples. Mesh Ti samples were designed and subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to form a calcium phosphate coating. Subsequently, a layer of polydopamine (PDA) was applied. The electrochemical properties and morphology of the coatings were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed well-developed coatings containing calcium phosphates (including hydroxyapatite), titanium dioxide, and polymerized dopamine, suggesting promising bioactive potential. Composite layers incorporating PDA exhibited superior protective properties compared to base PEO coatings.

Keywords

Titanium alloy / Plasma electrolytic oxidation / Hydroxyapatite / Bioactive coatings / Polydopamine

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Konstantine Nadaraia reports financial support was provided by Russian Science Foundation. Dmitry Mashtalyar reports financial support was provided by Russian Science Foundation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

K.V. Nadaraia: Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. D.V. Mashtalyar: Writing - review & editing, Funding acquisition, Data curation. M.A. Piatkova: Writing - original draft, Investigation, Conceptualization. A.I. Pleshkova: Writing - original draft, Investigation. I.M. Imshinetskiy: Investigation, Data curation. M.S. Gerasimenko: Methodology, Investigation. E.A. Belov: Writing - original draft, Investigation. G.A. Zverev: Visualization, Methodology. S.L. Sinebryukhov: Writing - review & editing, Supervision. S.V. Gnedenkov: Supervision, Data curation.

Acknowledgements

The formation of coatings, as well as SEM and EDS, was supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 22-73-10149, https://rscf.ru/project/22-73-10149/. The electrochemical studies and wettability measurements were supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 23-13-00329, https://rscf.ru/project/23-13-00329/.

Supplementary materials

Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.chphma.2024.07.002.

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