Covalent organic frameworks: Design, synthesis, characterization, and applications

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an interesting class of crystalline porous materials with desirable properties (such as highly ordered porosity, structural versatility, high chemical and thermal stabilities, and facile surface modification) and a broad range of potential applications. This critical review is aimed at providing insight into design strategies and synthetic methodologies for COFs. Unlike previous reviews on COFs, this article also focuses on the characterization of COFs, which is important for understanding the physical and chemical properties of COFs that are essential for practical applications. Furthermore, this review highlights the applications of COFs in various fields, including catalysis, photovoltaic devices, sensors, supercapacitors, wastewater treatment, biomedicine, chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, and gas separation and storage. Lastly, perspectives on future directions and challenges associated with COFs are provided.

Keywords

Crystalline / Covalent organic framework / Catalysis / Porous material / Wastewater treatment

Declaration of Competing Interests

The author declares that there are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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