In situ U-Pb dating and trace elements of magmatic rutile from Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit, North China Craton: Insights into porphyry mineralization

Abstract

Porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) deposit is one of the most important types of copper deposit and usually formed under magmatic arc-related settings, whilst the Mujicun porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in North China Craton uncommonly generated within intra-continental settings. Although previous studies have focused on the age, origin and ore genesis of the Mujicun deposit, the ore-forming age, magma source and tectonic evolution remain controversial. Here, this study targeted rutile (TiO₂) in the ore-hosting diorite porphyry from the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit to conduct in situ U-Pb dating and trace element composition studies, with major views to determine the timing and magma evolution and to provide new insights into porphyry Cu-Mo metallogeny. Rutile trace element data show flat-like REE patterns characterized by relatively enrichment LREEs and depleted HREEs, which could be identified as magmatic rutile. Rutile U-Pb dating yields lower intercept ages of 139.3-138.4 Ma, interpreted as post magmatic cooling timing below about 500°C, which are consistent or slightly postdate with the published zircon U-Pb ages of diorite porphyry (144.1-141.7 Ma) and skarn (146.2 Ma; 139.9 Ma) as well as the molybdenite Re-Os ages of molybdenum ores (144.8-140.0 Ma). Given that the overlap between the closure temperature of rutile U-Pb system and ore-forming temperature of the Mujicun deposit, this study suggests that the ore-forming ages of the Mujicun deposit can be constrained at 139.3-138.4 Ma, with temporal links to the late large-scale granitic magmatism at 138-126 Ma in the Taihang Orogen. Based on the Mg and Al contents in rutile, the magma of ore-hosting diorite porphyry was suggested to be derived from crust-mantle mixing components. In conjunction with previous studies in Taihang Orogen, this study proposes that the far-field effect and the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific slab triggered lithospheric extension, asthenosphere upwelling, crust-mantle interaction and thermo-mechanical erosion, which jointly facilitated the formation of dioritic magmas during the Early Cretaceous. Subsequently, the dioritic magmas carrying crust-mantle mixing metallic materials were emplaced and precipitated at shallow positions along NNE-trending ore-controlling faults, eventually resulting in the formation of the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit within an intracontinental extensional setting.

Keywords

Rutile U-Pb geochronology / Rutile geochemistry / Intra-continental porphyry mineralization / Paleo-Pacific slab subduction / Tectonic evolution / Magma source / Ore-forming age / Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit / Mineral exploration engineering / North China Craton

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Fan Yang and Jingwen Mao conceived of the presented idea. Jiarun Tu carried out the experiment. Fan Yang, Siyuan Meng and Zhimin Wang performed the field work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate Prof. Hongying Zhou for her help during rutile U-Pb dating and trace element analysis, and Mr. Zhikuan Chen and Dr. Fei Xue for their assistance related to sample collection. Two anonymous referees are also thanked for their valuable suggestions to improve this paper. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42202077; 42103025), the Opening Foundation of MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment (ZS2209; ZS2106), the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province) (MRWCGS-2021-01), the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (22JR5RA440), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (LZUJBKY-2022-42), and the Guiding Special Funds of"Double First-Class (First-Class University & First-Class Disciplines)" (561119201) of Lanzhou University, China.

Supplementary dataset

Supplementary data (Tables. DR1-DR2) to this article can be found online at doi: 10.31035/cg2023038.

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