Electrochemical evolution of a metal oxyhydroxide surface on two-dimensional layered metal phosphorus trisulfides enables the oxidation of amine to nitrile

Abstract

Selective oxidation of amines to imines through electrocatalysis is an attractive and efficient way for the chemical industry to produce nitrile compounds, but it is limited by the difficulty of designing efficient catalysts and lack of understanding the mechanism of catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy by generation of oxyhydroxide layers on two-dimensional iron-doped layered nickel phosphorus trisulfides (Ni_1−xFe_xPS₃) during the oxidation of benzylamine (BA). In-depth structural and surface chemical characterizations during the electrocatalytic process combined with theoretical calculations reveal that Ni_(1−x)Fe_xPS₃ undergoes surface reconstruction under alkaline conditions to form the metal oxyhydroxide/phosphorus trichalcogenide (NiFeOOH/Ni_1−xFe_xPS₃) heterostructure. Interestingly, the generated heterointerface facilitates BA oxidation with a low onset potential of 1.39 V and Faradaic efficiency of 53% for benzonitrile (BN) synthesis. Theoretical calculations further indicate that the as-formed NiFeOOH/Ni_1−xFe_xPS₃ heterostructure could offer optimum free energy for BA adsorption and BN desorption, resulting in promising BN synthesis.

Keywords

2D layered materials / benzylamine oxidation / metal phosphorus trichalcogenides / surface-reconstructed heterostructure

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2025 The Author(s). Carbon Energy published by Wenzhou University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.